Kim Ju Hyung, Kwon Ryeong Ha, Kim So Ah, Na Hyemin, Cho Jeong-Yong, Kim Heon-Woong
Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
Foods. 2025 Jan 9;14(2):188. doi: 10.3390/foods14020188.
In this study, anthocyanin glycosides from nine cultivars of highbush blueberries grown in Korea were characterized using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS and UPLC-Qtrap-MS/MS. A total of twenty-two derivatives were identified, consisting of mono-glycosides and acetyl-glycosides attached to aglycones, such as cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Among them, seven acetylated glycosides were tentatively determined by comparing the related authentic standards and previous reports and presented mass fragmentation, in which the acetyl group remained as the form attached to the sugar without de-esterification in positive ionization mode. The mid-season cultivar 'New Hanover' showed the highest total anthocyanin content (1011.7 mg/100 g dry weight) with predominant malvidin and delphinidin glycosides. Particularly, the 'Patriot' (early season) recorded the highest proportion of acetylated glycosides (19.7%). Multivariate analysis showed a distinct separation between early and mid-seasons with Draper. Especially, delphinidin 3--galactoside (VIP = 1.94) was identified as a marker for mid-season, and malvidin 3--glucoside (VIP = 1.79) was identified as a marker for early season. These comprehensive anthocyanin profiles of Korean blueberries will serve as fundamental data for breeding superior cultivars, evaluating and developing related products as well as clinical and metabolomic research.
在本研究中，使用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS）和超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱（UPLC-Qtrap-MS/MS）对韩国种植的9个高丛蓝莓品种中的花色苷糖苷进行了表征。共鉴定出22种衍生物，包括连接在花青素、芍药色素、飞燕草色素、矮牵牛色素和锦葵色素等糖苷配基上的单糖苷和乙酰化糖苷。其中，通过与相关标准品和先前报道进行比较，并呈现质谱碎裂情况，初步确定了7种乙酰化糖苷，在正离子模式下，乙酰基以连接在糖上的形式保留，未发生脱酯反应。中季品种‘新汉诺威’的总花色苷含量最高（1011.7毫克/100克干重），主要为锦葵色素和飞燕草色素糖苷。特别是，‘爱国者’（早熟品种）的乙酰化糖苷比例最高（19.7%）。多变量分析显示，早季和中季品种在Draper分析中有明显分离。尤其是，飞燕草色素3-O-半乳糖苷（VIP = 1.94）被鉴定为中季品种的标志物，锦葵色素3-O-葡萄糖苷（VIP = 1.79）被鉴定为早季品种的标志物。韩国蓝莓的这些全面花色苷谱将为培育优良品种、评估和开发相关产品以及临床和代谢组学研究提供基础数据。
