Yang Wanni
Research Institute for Eco-civilization, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, No. 27 Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100710, China.
Foods. 2025 Jan 9;14(2):191. doi: 10.3390/foods14020191.
Aquatic foods play a pivotal role in transforming food systems. As the world's leading producer, consumer, and trader of aquatic products, China's potential for sustainable supply and consumption is critical to understand. The aim of this study was to depict the dynamic trends of aquatic products and the consequences of sustainable diets and environmental impacts. A panel dataset about Chinese aquatic products covering the period from 1952 to 2023 was drawn for analysis. Diet sustainability was assessed with the deviation from the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022) and EAT-Lancet recommendations. The environmental impacts of aquatic products' supply and consumption were assessed using carbon footprints and water footprints. The findings reveal that aquatic products' supply increased from 4.65 million tons to 71.16 million tons from 1978 to 2023, and annual aquatic food consumption per capita increased from 3.50 kg in 1978 to 15.20 kg. While overall supply meets consumption needs, structural imbalances persist at the provincial level. Over time, the influence of marine fishery products has declined from 1.06 million tons (63.63%) in 1952 to 35.85 million tons (50.38%) in 2023, whereas offshore aquaculture shows promising potential for meeting future supply demands (23.96 million tons in 2023, accounting for 66.82% of marine fishery production). To align with healthy dietary goals and environmentally sustainable food systems, provincial aquatic food demand across China was adjusted. The carbon footprints and water footprints of both current and adjusted consumption patterns were also assessed. The results indicate that adjusting consumption based on the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022) and EAT-Lancet recommendations could reduce environmental impacts to different degrees. The findings could offer valuable references and insights into developing sustainable strategies in aquatic product management and advancing food system transformation.
水产品在转变粮食系统中发挥着关键作用。作为世界领先的水产品生产国、消费国和贸易国，了解中国可持续供应和消费的潜力至关重要。本研究的目的是描绘水产品的动态趋势以及可持续饮食的后果和环境影响。绘制了一个涵盖1952年至2023年期间中国水产品的面板数据集进行分析。通过与《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》和EAT-柳叶刀建议的偏差来评估饮食可持续性。使用碳足迹和水足迹评估水产品供应和消费的环境影响。研究结果表明，1978年至2023年期间，水产品供应量从465万吨增加到7116万吨，人均年水产品消费量从1978年的3.50千克增加到15.20千克。虽然总体供应满足消费需求，但省级层面的结构失衡依然存在。随着时间的推移，海洋渔业产品的影响力从1952年的106万吨（63.63%）下降到2023年的3585万吨（50.38%），而近海养殖在满足未来供应需求方面显示出良好潜力（2023年为2396万吨，占海洋渔业产量的66.82%）。为了符合健康饮食目标和环境可持续的粮食系统，对中国各省的水产品需求进行了调整。还评估了当前和调整后消费模式的碳足迹和水足迹。结果表明，根据《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》和EAT-柳叶刀建议调整消费可以在不同程度上减少环境影响。这些发现可为制定水产品管理的可持续战略和推进粮食系统转型提供有价值的参考和见解。
