Hara Tomoaki, Meng Sikun, Arao Yasuko, Saito Yoshiko, Inoue Kana, Alshammari Aya Hasan, Hatakeyama Hideyuki, di Luccio Eric, Vecchione Andrea, Hirotsu Takaaki, Ishii Hideshi
Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Hirotsu Bio Science Inc., Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan.
Biomedicines. 2025 Jan 6;13(1):109. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13010109.
Cancer is one of the major causes of death, and as it becomes more malignant, it becomes an intractable disease that is difficult to cure completely. Therefore, early detection is important to increase the survival rate. For this reason, testing with blood biomarkers is currently common. However, in order to accurately diagnose early-stage cancer, new biomarkers and diagnostic methods that enable highly accurate diagnosis are needed. This review summarizes recent studies on cancer biomarker detection. In particular, we focus on the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine and the development of diagnostic methods using olfactory receptors in living organisms. Urinary samples from cancer patients contain a wide variety of VOCs, and the identification of cancer specific compounds is underway. It has also been found that the olfactory sense of organisms can distinguish cancer-specific odors, which may be applicable to cancer diagnosis. We explore the possibility of novel cancer biomarker candidates and novel diagnostic methods.
癌症是主要死因之一，随着其恶性程度增加，它会成为一种难以完全治愈的棘手疾病。因此，早期检测对于提高生存率很重要。出于这个原因，目前通过血液生物标志物进行检测很常见。然而，为了准确诊断早期癌症，需要能够进行高精度诊断的新生物标志物和诊断方法。本综述总结了近期关于癌症生物标志物检测的研究。特别地，我们聚焦于尿液中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的分析以及利用生物体内嗅觉受体开发诊断方法。癌症患者的尿液样本含有各种各样的VOCs，目前正在鉴定癌症特异性化合物。还发现生物体的嗅觉能够区分癌症特异性气味，这可能适用于癌症诊断。我们探索新型癌症生物标志物候选物和新型诊断方法的可能性。
