Yang Wencong, Cheng Yijing, Wu Xia, Zhou Jia, Liu Xiuping
School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 24;13(1):2. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13010002.
In the greenhouse of the Chinese Academy of Sciences located on Huaizhong Road in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, five fertilization treatment levels were established. These consisted of no fertilization (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer (with 100% chemical fertilizer application), and biogas slurry substitution treatments for chemical fertilizers (replacing 30%, 60%, and 100% of the chemical fertilizer nitrogen with biogas slurry nitrogen). Soil nutrient determination methods and high-throughput sequencing were employed to elucidate the correlative relationship between soil nutrients and microbial community metabolism. The results showed that in contrast to the treatment of solely applying chemical fertilizers, the combined application of biogas slurry could effectively enhance the soil nutrient content during different growth stages and promote the growth of corn plants. Among them, the replacement of 30% of the chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry exhibited the most optimal effect on augmenting soil nutrients and plant nutrient absorption. After the combined application of biogas slurry, the richness of both bacterial and fungal communities was substantially increased, and the diversity of the bacterial flora was also notably enhanced. However, the application of only biogas slurry led to a reduction in the species diversity of soil fungi. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the Chao1 index of bacterial and fungal communities was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and nitrogen in the form of nitrate and significantly negatively correlated with pH. In summary, the combined application of chemical fertilizer and 30% biogas slurry was most conducive to enhancing the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, and when a relatively large amount of biogas slurry was used, it could completely substitute the chemical fertilizer.
在河北省石家庄市槐中路的中国科学院温室中，设置了五个施肥处理水平。分别为不施肥（CK）、常规化肥（100%施用化肥）以及化肥的沼液替代处理（用沼液氮替代30%、60%和100%的化肥氮）。采用土壤养分测定方法和高通量测序来阐明土壤养分与微生物群落代谢之间的相关关系。结果表明，与单纯施用化肥的处理相比，沼液的联合施用能够在不同生长阶段有效提高土壤养分含量，并促进玉米植株生长。其中，用30%沼液替代化肥对增加土壤养分和植物养分吸收表现出最优化效果。沼液联合施用后，细菌和真菌群落的丰富度均大幅增加，细菌菌群多样性也显著增强。然而，仅施用沼液导致土壤真菌的物种多样性降低。Pearson相关性分析表明，细菌和真菌群落的Chao1指数与土壤有效磷、速效钾以及硝态氮显著正相关，与pH显著负相关。综上所述，化肥与30%沼液联合施用最有利于提高土壤微生物的代谢活性和土壤微生物群落的功能多样性，且当使用相对大量沼液时，可完全替代化肥。
