Branda Francesco, Ceccarelli Giancarlo, Giovanetti Marta, Albanese Mattia, Binetti Erica, Ciccozzi Massimo, Scarpa Fabio
Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jan 9;13(1):124. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13010124.
The re-emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India, following the tragic death of a 14-year-old boy, underscores the persistent threat posed by zoonotic pathogens and highlights the growing global public health challenge. With no vaccine or curative treatment available, and fatality rates as high as 94% in past outbreaks, the Nipah virus is a critical concern for health authorities worldwide. Transmitted primarily through contact with fruit bats or consumption of contaminated food, as well as direct human-to-human transmission, NiV remains a highly lethal and unpredictable pathogen. The World Health Organization has classified Nipah as a priority pathogen due to its alarming potential to cause widespread outbreaks and even trigger the next pandemic. Recent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh, occurring with seasonal regularity, have once again exposed the vulnerability of public health systems in containing this virus. This study explores the epidemiology, ecological factors driving transmission, and the public health response to NiV, emphasizing the role of zoonotic spillovers in pandemic preparedness. As the global community grapples with an increasing number of emerging infectious diseases, the Nipah virus stands as a stark reminder of the importance of coordinated surveillance, rapid containment measures, and the urgent development of novel strategies to mitigate the impact of this re-emerging threat.
在一名14岁男孩不幸死亡后，尼帕病毒（NiV）在印度喀拉拉邦再次出现，这凸显了人畜共患病原体构成的持续威胁，并突出了日益严峻的全球公共卫生挑战。由于没有可用的疫苗或治疗方法，且在过去的疫情中病死率高达94%，尼帕病毒是全球卫生当局极为关注的问题。尼帕病毒主要通过与果蝠接触或食用受污染食物传播，以及人传人，它仍然是一种高度致命且不可预测的病原体。由于其具有引发广泛疫情甚至触发下一次大流行的惊人潜力，世界卫生组织已将尼帕病毒列为重点病原体。印度和孟加拉国近期季节性爆发的疫情，再次暴露了公共卫生系统在控制这种病毒方面的脆弱性。本研究探讨了尼帕病毒的流行病学、驱动传播的生态因素以及公共卫生应对措施，强调了人畜共患病传播在大流行防范中的作用。随着全球社会应对越来越多的新发传染病，尼帕病毒鲜明地提醒人们协调监测、快速控制措施以及迫切制定新策略以减轻这种再次出现的威胁的影响的重要性。
