Bergeron H P, Hinton D A
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1985 Feb;56(2):144-8.
Aircraft operations, particularly in the IFR environment, are rapidly becoming very complex. Studies have shown that this complexity can frequently lead to accidents and incidents. Results of studies performed at NASA and elsewhere are presented to show that one of the major themes evident in both the accidents and incidents and in the research performed to solve the problems associated with them is that of human error. Examples of various incidents and blunders, recorded in several studies, illustrate and emphasize the hypothesis: "As systems become more and more automated and complex, the more they become prone to human error. The problem can be eliminated or reduced only if good human factor principles are incorporated in the implementation of the systems, to guarantee a good man/machine interface". Aircraft systems technology, however, (e.g.: electronics, avionics, automation) is evolving and developing at a very high rate. Examples of research are presented showing where this emerging technology has been employed to reduce the complexity and enhance the safety and utility of the aircraft operations.
飞机运行，尤其是在仪表飞行规则（IFR）环境下，正迅速变得非常复杂。研究表明，这种复杂性常常会导致事故和事件。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）及其他地方所开展研究的结果表明，在事故和事件以及为解决与之相关问题而进行的研究中，一个明显的主要主题就是人为失误。若干研究中记录的各种事件和失误的例子阐释并强调了这一假设：“随着系统变得越来越自动化和复杂，它们就越容易出现人为失误。只有在系统实施过程中纳入良好的人为因素原则，以确保良好的人机界面，这个问题才能消除或减少”。然而，飞机系统技术（例如：电子学、航空电子学、自动化）正以极快的速度发展。文中给出了研究实例，展示了这项新兴技术在哪些方面已被用于降低复杂性并提高飞机运行的安全性和实用性。
