Ellis H D, Wilcock S E, Zaman S A
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1985 Mar;56(3):233-7.
In the first experiment, 8 subjects took part in two experimental sessions--one after receiving one of two kinds of analgesic and the other after receiving a placebo. For each session, subjects completed 8- and 4-choice versions of a serial choice reaction time (SCRT) task at three times: before, during, and after exposure in a cold room at -5 degrees C. Body temperatures were monitored throughout and comfort ratings were recorded. The results indicated that cold increased error rate on the SCRT task, particularly for the 8-choice version which was also associated with faster RTs. However, a speed-accuracy tradeoff explanation for the data was discounted on the grounds that, although overall latencies were faster in the cold compared with precold, these were no faster than postcold RTs. The analgesics had no effect on comfort nor did they have an interpretable effect on performance. In experiment 2, where cooling was much slower for 5 subjects, no such increase in error rate on the SCRT task was observed. Similarly slow cooling did not impair general intellectual ability as measured by Raven's Progressive Matrices.
在第一个实验中，8名受试者参与了两个实验环节——一个是在接受两种镇痛剂之一后进行，另一个是在接受安慰剂后进行。在每个环节中，受试者在三个时间点完成了8选和4选的序列选择反应时（SCRT）任务：在-5摄氏度的冷藏室中暴露之前、期间和之后。在整个过程中监测体温，并记录舒适度评分。结果表明，寒冷会增加SCRT任务的错误率，尤其是对于8选版本，该版本也与更快的反应时相关。然而，基于以下理由，对这些数据的速度-准确性权衡解释被否定了：尽管与寒冷前相比，寒冷时的总体潜伏期更快，但并不比寒冷后更快。镇痛剂对舒适度没有影响，对表现也没有可解释的影响。在实验2中，5名受试者的降温速度要慢得多，在SCRT任务中未观察到错误率有此类增加。同样，缓慢降温并未损害通过瑞文渐进矩阵测试所衡量的一般智力能力。
