State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
Jiangxi International Travel Healthcare Center, Nanchang, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Sep 21;13:1265873. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1265873. eCollection 2023.
and are important vectors of human arboviruses, transmitting arboviral diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika. These two mosquitoes coexist on Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula in China. Over the past 40 years, the distribution of has gradually expanded in these areas, while the distribution of has declined dramatically mainly due to the ecological changes and some other factors such as heavy use of insecticide indoor based on endophagic bloodfeeding of the species.
This study focused on the knockdown resistance () genes of both mosquitoes, investigated their mutations, and analyzed their haplotype and evolutionary diversity combined with population genetic features based on the ND4/ND5 genes to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of insecticide resistance in both mosquitoes.
Three mutations, S989P, V1016G and F1534C, were found to be present in populations, and the three mutations occurred synergistically. Multiple mutation types (F1534C/S/L/W) of the F1534 locus are found in populations, with the three common mutations F1534C, F1534S and F1534L all having multiple independent origins. The F1534W (TTC/TGG) mutation is thought to have evolved from the F1534L (TTC/TTG) mutation. The F1534S (TTC/TCG) mutation has evolved from the F1534S (TTC/TCC) mutation. The most common form of mutation at the F1534 locus found in this study was S1534C, accounting for 20.97%, which may have evolved from the F1534C mutation. In addition, a new non-synonymous mutation M1524I and 28 synonymous mutations were identified in populations. Correlation analysis showed that the genetic diversity of and populations did not correlate with their haplotype diversity (P>0.05), but strong gene flow between populations may have contributed to the evolution of the gene.
The study of gene evolution in the two mosquito species may help to identify the evolutionary trend of insecticide resistance at an early stage and provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of biological vector control and subsequent research into new insecticides.
和 是重要的人类虫媒病毒载体，传播黄热病、登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒等虫媒病毒病。这两种蚊子在中国海南岛和雷州半岛共存。在过去的 40 年中， 的分布在中国这些地区逐渐扩大，而 的分布则急剧下降，主要原因是该物种的内吸式吸血习性以及生态变化和其他一些因素导致大量使用室内杀虫剂。
本研究集中于两种蚊子的击倒抗性（）基因，调查其突变，并结合种群遗传特征，基于 ND4/ND5 基因分析其单倍型和进化多样性，以进一步阐明两种蚊子抗药性发展的分子机制。
发现 种群中存在三个突变，S989P、V1016G 和 F1534C，三个突变协同发生。 种群中发现 F1534 位点的多种突变类型（F1534C/S/L/W），其中三个常见突变 F1534C、F1534S 和 F1534L 均具有多个独立起源。F1534W（TTC/TGG）突变被认为是从 F1534L（TTC/TTG）突变进化而来。F1534S（TTC/TCG）突变是从 F1534S（TTC/TCC）突变进化而来。本研究中发现的 F1534 位点最常见的突变形式是 S1534C，占 20.97%，可能是从 F1534C 突变进化而来。此外，在 种群中还发现了一个新的非同义突变 M1524I 和 28 个同义突变。相关性分析表明， 和 种群的遗传多样性与它们的单倍型多样性没有相关性（P>0.05），但种群间的强基因流可能促进了 基因的进化。
研究两种蚊子中 基因的进化可能有助于早期识别杀虫剂抗性的进化趋势，并为提高生物媒介控制的效率以及随后研究新杀虫剂提供理论依据。
