Rajzer Izabella, Kurowska Anna, Janusz Jarosław, Maślanka Maksymilian, Jabłoński Adam, Szczygieł Piotr, Fabia Janusz, Novotný Roman, Piekarczyk Wojciech, Ziąbka Magdalena, Frankova Jana
Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jan 11;18(2):306. doi: 10.3390/ma18020306.
The use of scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration requires an appropriate selection of materials and manufacturing techniques that provide the basis for supporting both cartilage and bone tissue formation. As scaffolds are designed to replicate a part of the replaced tissue and ensure cell growth and differentiation, implantable materials have to meet various biological requirements, e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. Osteoconductive materials such as tricalcium phosphate ceramics and some biodegradable polymers appear to be a perfect choice. The present work evaluates the structural, mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of a shape memory terpolymer modified with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). A new approach is using the developed materials for 4D printing, with a particular focus on its applicability in manufacturing medical implants. In this study, the manufacturing parameters of the scaffold components were developed. The scaffolds were examined via scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The cytotoxicity result was obtained with an MTT assay, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. The structural and microstructural investigations confirmed the integration of β-TCP into the filament matrix and scaffolds. Thermal stability was enhanced as β-TCP delayed depolymerization of the polymer matrix. The shape memory studies demonstrated effective recovery. The in vitro cell culture studies revealed the significantly increased cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the β-TCP-modified terpolymer after 3 weeks. The developed terpolymer can be tailored for applications in which partial shape recovery is acceptable, such as bone scaffolds.
用于骨软骨组织再生的支架需要适当选择材料和制造技术，为支持软骨和骨组织形成提供基础。由于支架旨在复制被替换组织的一部分并确保细胞生长和分化，可植入材料必须满足各种生物学要求，例如生物相容性、生物可降解性和机械性能。磷酸三钙陶瓷等骨传导材料和一些可生物降解聚合物似乎是完美的选择。本工作评估了用β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）改性的形状记忆三元共聚物的结构、机械、热和功能特性。一种新方法是将开发的材料用于4D打印，特别关注其在制造医疗植入物中的适用性。在本研究中，开发了支架组件的制造参数。通过扫描电子显微镜结合能谱分析（SEM-EDS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和机械测试对支架进行了检查。通过MTT试验获得细胞毒性结果，并测量了碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性。结构和微观结构研究证实了β-TCP融入了长丝基质和支架中。由于β-TCP延迟了聚合物基质的解聚，热稳定性得到了提高。形状记忆研究表明恢复效果良好。体外细胞培养研究显示，3周后β-TCP改性三元共聚物的细胞活力和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著增加。所开发的三元共聚物可定制用于部分形状恢复可接受的应用，如骨支架。
