Jiang Tianyi, Ye Zichen, Lu Qu, Cheng Peixia, Gao Qi
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Life (Basel). 2024 Dec 30;15(1):32. doi: 10.3390/life15010032.
Prediabetes, a state between normoglycemia and diabetes, is increasingly affecting population health; thus, it should not be overlooked. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of aerobic exercise on blood glucose indicators among those with prediabetes. Five databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched up to September 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials measuring the effect of aerobic exercise on blood glucose levels among individuals with prediabetes. Data on fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were extracted. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention duration, weekly exercise duration, and volume. In total, 2518 relevant records were initially retrieved, and 16 studies were included in this systematic review, with 14 providing sufficient data for meta-analysis. Compared to the control group, the weighted mean difference (MD) for FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c was -1.33 (95%CI: -1.87, -0.89), -1.00 (95%CI: -1.60, -0.39), and -1.05 (95%CI: -1.49, -0.61), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that pooled effect size for FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c was greater in the subgroup subjected to ≥48 weeks of intervention compared to the subgroup subjected to ≤24 weeks of intervention, although only the difference in FBG was significant ( < 0.05). Weekly exercise longer than 180 min/week led to greater reductions in FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c compared to weekly exercise shorter than 150 min/week, and only differences in 2hPG were not significant ( > 0.05). Total weekly exercise of 1314-1323 MET·min/week led to greater reductions in FBG and HbA1c levels compared to 975-1080 MET·min/week ( > 0.05). Aerobic exercise effectively decreases FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c and controls blood glucose levels. The volume and duration of aerobic exercise are important factors affecting the reduction in blood glucose levels, exhibiting a positive correlation within a specific range. Aerobic exercise can serve as a viable therapeutic approach for reducing the risk of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes.
糖尿病前期是血糖正常与糖尿病之间的一种状态，正日益影响着人群健康；因此，不应被忽视。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在探讨有氧运动对糖尿病前期患者血糖指标的疗效。检索了包括PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science和CINAHL在内的五个数据库，截至2024年9月，以确定测量有氧运动对糖尿病前期个体血糖水平影响的随机对照试验。提取了空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的数据。根据干预持续时间、每周运动持续时间和运动量进行亚组分析。最初共检索到2518条相关记录，本系统评价纳入了16项研究，其中14项提供了足够的数据进行荟萃分析。与对照组相比，FBG、2hPG和HbA1c的加权平均差（MD）分别为-1.33（95%CI：-1.87，-0.89）、-1.00（95%CI：-1.60，-0.39）和-1.05（95%CI：-1.49，-0.61）。亚组分析表明，与干预≤24周的亚组相比，干预≥48周的亚组中FBG、2hPG和HbA1c的合并效应量更大，尽管只有FBG的差异具有统计学意义（<0.05）。与每周运动少于150分钟的情况相比，每周运动超过180分钟可使FBG、2hPG和HbA1c有更大程度的降低，且只有2hPG的差异无统计学意义（>0.05）。与每周975-1080 MET·min/周相比，每周总运动量为1314-1323 MET·min/周可使FBG和HbA1c水平有更大程度的降低（>0.05）。有氧运动能有效降低FBG、2hPG和HbA1c，并控制血糖水平。有氧运动的量和持续时间是影响血糖水平降低的重要因素，在特定范围内呈正相关。有氧运动可作为降低糖尿病前期个体患糖尿病风险的一种可行治疗方法。
