Rodríguez-López Elena Sonsoles, Martín-Márquez Luz María, Acevedo-Gómez María Barbaño, López-Illescas África, Benito-de-Pedro María, Ojedo-Martín Cristina
Physiotherapy and Health Research Group (FYSA), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, University Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain.
HM Hospitals Health Research Institute, 28015 Madrid, Spain.
Life (Basel). 2025 Jan 6;15(1):58. doi: 10.3390/life15010058.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Implementing and optimizing pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training programs is crucial for reducing the risk of dysfunctions, improving athletic performance, and enhancing quality of life for athletes. The aim of this study was to assess PFM activation in female athletes during postural challenges.
An observational and descriptive study was conducted with twenty-five female rugby players. Surface electromyography was used to evaluate the PFMs in five different body positions under stable and unstable conditions.
The peak amplitude of the PFMs at baseline differed according to the physical demand of each position ( < 0.001). The lowest percentage activation was in the supine position (16.23%), while the highest recruitment was observed during the parallel squat (40.69%). The percentage of maximum voluntary contraction also differed according to each position ( = 0.001). The values were similar in supine position, side plank (104%), and standing position, being significantly lower ( < 0.05) than those reached during the off-knees quadruped hold (121.58%), full plank (121.97%), and parallel squat (151.40%); however, the values were comparable between stable and unstable positions ( = 1.000).
Positions that challenge gravity and pelvic biomechanics, such as the squat, plank, and quadruped, facilitate greater activation of the PFMs. Contrary to previous recommendations, these exercises do not appear to have significant negative effects; therefore, consideration should be given to the implementation of these exercises for the management of pelvic floor dysfunction and as part of comprehensive exercise programs designed to improve overall core and pelvic floor function.
背景/目的：实施并优化盆底肌（PFM）训练计划对于降低功能障碍风险、提高运动表现以及提升运动员生活质量至关重要。本研究旨在评估女性运动员在姿势挑战过程中的盆底肌激活情况。
对25名女性橄榄球运动员进行了一项观察性和描述性研究。使用表面肌电图在稳定和不稳定条件下评估五种不同身体姿势下的盆底肌。
基线时盆底肌的峰值振幅因每个姿势的身体需求而异（<0.001）。激活百分比最低的是仰卧位（16.23%），而在平行蹲期间观察到最高的募集率（40.69%）。最大自主收缩百分比也因每个姿势而异（=0.001）。仰卧位、侧板支撑（104%）和站立位的值相似，明显低于跪撑（121.58%）、平板支撑（121.97%）和平行蹲（151.40%）时达到的值（<0.05）；然而，稳定和不稳定姿势下的值具有可比性（=1.000）。
挑战重力和骨盆生物力学的姿势，如深蹲、平板支撑和四足支撑，有助于更大程度地激活盆底肌。与先前的建议相反，这些练习似乎没有显著的负面影响；因此，应考虑将这些练习用于盆底功能障碍的管理，并作为旨在改善整体核心和盆底功能的综合运动计划的一部分。
