Opara Józef Alfons, Saulicz Edward, Szczygieł Jarosław Wojciech, Szczygieł Katarzyna
Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, ul. Mikolowska 72b, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
Department Neurology, Clinical Hospital No. 1 Named After Prof. Stanisław Szyszko, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jan 17;14(2):577. doi: 10.3390/jcm14020577.
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common condition affecting primarily populations in developed countries, placing a significant burden on public health systems around the world. A high rate of pain recurrence increases the risk of developing a chronic syndrome and the occurrence of complex psychosocial and professional problems. Symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks are associated with the risk of sleep problems, depression, and anxiety. In the 21st century, the development of knowledge about central sensitization (CS) to pain allowed for a better understanding of the pathomechanism of pain and the transformation of LBP into a chronic form. Patients with chronic severe pain often experience accompanying symptoms such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, appetite disorders, flatulence, dyspepsia, and dizziness-these are part of the picture of CS. The article presents a narrative, chronological review of reports covering the current state of knowledge on the possibility of assessing central sensitization and its impact on low back pain. The authors also attempt to answer the question posed in the title. CS can be seen as an excessive reactivity of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold afferent chronic stimuli in people with certain mental predispositions.
下背痛（LBP）是一种常见病症，主要影响发达国家的人群，给世界各地的公共卫生系统带来了沉重负担。疼痛复发率高会增加发展为慢性综合征的风险，以及出现复杂的心理社会和职业问题的风险。持续超过12周的症状与睡眠问题、抑郁和焦虑的风险相关。在21世纪，对疼痛的中枢敏化（CS）的认识发展使得人们能够更好地理解疼痛的发病机制以及LBP向慢性形式的转变。患有慢性重度疼痛的患者经常会出现疲劳、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠障碍、食欲紊乱、肠胃胀气、消化不良和头晕等伴随症状——这些都是CS症状的一部分。本文按时间顺序对有关评估中枢敏化的可能性及其对下背痛的影响的现有知识状态的报告进行了叙述性综述。作者们还试图回答标题中提出的问题。CS可被视为在具有某些心理倾向的人群中，中枢神经系统中伤害性神经元对正常或阈下传入慢性刺激的过度反应。
