Parr Evelyn B, Devlin Brooke L, Hawley John A
Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Dietetics, Nutrition, and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Adv Nutr. 2022 Jun 1;13(3):699-711. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac015.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a popular dietary strategy that emphasizes the timing of meals in alignment with diurnal circadian rhythms, permitting ad libitum energy intake during a restricted (∼8-10 h) eating window each day. Unlike energy-restricted diets or intermittent fasting interventions that focus on weight loss, many of the health-related benefits of TRE are independent of reductions in body weight. However, TRE research to date has largely ignored what food is consumed (i.e., macronutrient composition and energy density), overlooking a plethora of past epidemiological and interventional dietary research. To determine some of the potential mechanisms underpinning the benefits of TRE on metabolic health, future studies need to increase the rigor of dietary data collected, assessed, and reported to ensure a consistent and standardized approach in TRE research. This Perspective article provides an overview of studies investigating TRE interventions in humans and considers dietary intake (both what and when food is eaten) and their impact on selected health outcomes (i.e., weight loss, glycemic control). Integrating existing dietary knowledge about what food is eaten with our recent understanding on when food should be consumed is essential to optimize the impact of dietary strategies aimed at improving metabolic health outcomes.
限时进食（TRE）是一种流行的饮食策略，强调用餐时间与昼夜节律相一致，允许在每天限定的（约8 - 10小时）进食窗口内随意摄入能量。与专注于减肥的能量限制饮食或间歇性禁食干预不同，TRE的许多与健康相关的益处与体重减轻无关。然而，迄今为止的TRE研究在很大程度上忽略了所摄入的食物（即宏量营养素组成和能量密度），忽视了大量过去的流行病学和饮食干预研究。为了确定TRE对代谢健康有益的一些潜在机制，未来的研究需要提高所收集、评估和报告的饮食数据的严谨性，以确保TRE研究采用一致且标准化的方法。这篇观点文章概述了对人类进行TRE干预的研究，并考虑了饮食摄入（吃什么以及何时吃）及其对选定健康结果（即体重减轻、血糖控制）的影响。将关于吃什么食物的现有饮食知识与我们最近对何时进食的理解相结合，对于优化旨在改善代谢健康结果的饮食策略的影响至关重要。
