Jaruga-Sękowska Sylwia, Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria, Woźniak-Holecka Joanna
Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 8;17(2):219. doi: 10.3390/nu17020219.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Eating disorders (EDs) result from complex interactions of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors, disproportionately affecting adolescents and young adults. Social media, peer pressure, and self-esteem issues contribute to ED prevalence. This study examines ED risk, eating behaviors, and self-esteem among individuals aged 16-25, exploring differences by gender, age, and social media usage.
A total of 261 participants (113 high school students, 115 college students, 33 working individuals) completed the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) between April and June 2024. This study utilized the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and My Eating Habits (MEH) questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and linear regression, assessed associations between ED risk, self-esteem, and social media activity.
ED risk was identified in 47% (n = 123) of participants, with the highest prevalence in high school students (56.6%, n = 64). Significant gender differences were observed ( < 0.001), with males in the high school group showing elevated ED risk (64%, n = 32). Body dissatisfaction and frequent social media comparisons increased ED risk ( < 0.001); 45.7% (n = 102) of participants who often compared their bodies online reported heightened risk. Photo manipulation correlated with higher ED risk ( = 0.005). Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between ED risk and restrictive dieting (estimate = 0.9239; < 0.001), while self-esteem had no significant effect (estimate = 0.00503, = 0.977).
This study highlights high ED risk driven by social media and body dissatisfaction. Interventions should focus on body image issues, self-acceptance, and media literacy. This study focused on a specific age group (16-25) in Poland, which may limit the ability to generalize the results to other demographic or cultural groups. Future research should include more diverse populations and objective measurements.
背景/目的：饮食失调（EDs）是由生物、心理、社会和文化因素的复杂相互作用导致的，对青少年和年轻人的影响尤为严重。社交媒体、同伴压力和自尊问题导致了饮食失调的流行。本研究调查了16至25岁个体的饮食失调风险、饮食行为和自尊，探讨性别、年龄和社交媒体使用情况的差异。
共有261名参与者（113名高中生、115名大学生、33名在职人员）在2024年4月至6月期间完成了计算机辅助网络访谈（CAWI）。本研究使用了饮食态度测试-26（EAT-26）、罗森伯格自尊量表（SES）和我的饮食习惯（MEH）问卷。统计分析，包括卡方检验和线性回归，评估了饮食失调风险、自尊和社交媒体活动之间的关联。
47%（n = 123）的参与者被确定存在饮食失调风险，高中生中的患病率最高（56.6%，n = 64）。观察到显著的性别差异（< 0.001），高中组男性的饮食失调风险升高（64%，n = 32）。身体不满意和频繁的社交媒体比较增加了饮食失调风险（< 0.001）；45.7%（n = 102）经常在网上比较自己身体的参与者报告风险升高。照片处理与较高的饮食失调风险相关（= 0.005）。回归分析显示饮食失调风险与限制性节食之间存在显著关系（估计值 = 0.9239；< 0.001），而自尊没有显著影响（估计值 = 0.00503，= 0.977）。
本研究强调了社交媒体和身体不满意导致的高饮食失调风险。干预措施应侧重于身体形象问题、自我接纳和媒体素养。本研究聚焦于波兰的一个特定年龄组（16 - 25岁），这可能会限制将结果推广到其他人口或文化群体的能力。未来的研究应纳入更多样化的人群和客观测量方法。
