García-De Frutos José Manuel, López-Plaza Daniel, Martínez-Noguera Francisco Javier, Sanz-Matesanz Manuel, Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro, Martínez-Aranda Luis Manuel
Facultad de Deporte, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 16;17(2):306. doi: 10.3390/nu17020306.
In karate, particularly in the kata discipline, there is a notable lack of studies focused on specific physical preparation for competitions. This highlights an urgent need for more in-depth research into this crucial aspect of athletic training to optimize performance and athlete preparation. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of a dietary plan combined with specific physical preparation on the performance and body composition of a professional kata athlete preparing for a Pan American championship.
A 20-year-old elite female karateka (60.7 kg, 165.4 cm) followed a nutritional plan with an isocaloric diet. The strength and power of the upper and lower limbs were evaluated through countermovement jump (CMJ) and one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests in bench press and free squat over a five-month period before the competition.
Following the nutritional plan and physical preparation, the athlete's body composition improved in terms of fat loss (from 12.17% to 10.68%) and increased muscle mass (from 51.45% to 53.09%). Moreover, these improvements translated into better performance in tests such as CMJ (from 38.29 cm to 44.14 cm), 1RM bench press (from 54.5 kg to 67.6 kg), and 1RM free squat (from 65.1 kg to 78.4 kg).
This study demonstrates that a comprehensive approach to personalized physical, technical, and nutritional preparation over 16 weeks significantly improves muscle strength and performance in karate kata. The novelty of this intervention lies in the detailed description of the total workload, encompassing both physical and technical performance, with a specific plan tailored to the athlete's needs. Additionally, the preparation was precisely designed for a specific tournament, addressing the sport's unique demands.
在空手道运动中，尤其是在型（套路）项目方面，显著缺乏针对比赛的特定体能训练研究。这凸显了迫切需要对运动训练这一关键方面进行更深入研究，以优化运动员的表现和赛前准备。本研究的目的是分析饮食计划结合特定体能训练对一名备战泛美锦标赛的职业型空手道运动员的表现和身体成分的影响。
一名20岁的精英女子空手道运动员（体重60.7千克，身高165.4厘米）遵循了等热量饮食的营养计划。在比赛前的五个月期间，通过反向纵跳（CMJ）以及卧推和自由深蹲的一次重复最大值（1RM）测试，评估上下肢的力量和爆发力。
遵循营养计划和体能训练后，运动员的身体成分得到改善，脂肪减少（从12.17%降至10.68%），肌肉量增加（从51.45%增至53.09%）。此外，这些改善转化为在CMJ（从38.29厘米增至44.14厘米）、卧推1RM（从54.5千克增至67.6千克）和自由深蹲1RM（从65.1千克增至78.4千克）等测试中表现更好。
本研究表明，在16周内采用个性化的体能、技术和营养综合训练方法，可显著提高空手道型项目的肌肉力量和表现。这种干预措施的新颖之处在于详细描述了总训练量，涵盖体能和技术表现，并针对运动员需求量身定制了具体计划。此外，该训练计划是专门为特定比赛精心设计的，满足了该运动的独特要求。
