Gautam Rohit, Maan Pratibha, Jyoti Anshu, Kumar Anshu, Malhotra Neena, Arora Taruna
Division of Reproductive Child Health and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi 110029, India.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 16;17(2):310. doi: 10.3390/nu17020310.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among reproductive-aged women. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Lifestyle changes are suggested as first-line interventions in managing PCOS. This systematic review aims to assess the scientific evidence regarding the role of lifestyle modifications (dietary changes, physical activity, and behavioral changes) in improving reproductive, anthropometric, metabolic, and psychological outcomes in women with PCOS. Dietary interventions such as foods with low glycemic index scores; caloric restrictions; high-fiber, omega three fatty acid-rich diets; ketogenic diets; Mediterranean diets; antioxidant-rich food; and anti-inflammatory diets improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance in women with PCOS. Physical activity, like aerobic and resistance exercise, enhances insulin sensitivity, helps weight loss, and improves metabolic and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS. Further, behavioral and education modules can also be used to improve awareness, adherence, and the effectiveness of conventional treatment and to manage mental health issues related to PCOS. Collectively, lifestyle modifications not only improve the biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric parameters in PCOS patients but also reduce the long-term risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄女性中最常见的内分泌疾病之一。其特征为高雄激素血症、无排卵和多囊卵巢。生活方式改变被建议作为管理PCOS的一线干预措施。本系统评价旨在评估有关生活方式改变（饮食改变、体育活动和行为改变）对改善PCOS女性生殖、人体测量、代谢和心理结局作用的科学证据。饮食干预，如低血糖指数评分的食物；热量限制；高纤维、富含欧米伽-3脂肪酸的饮食；生酮饮食；地中海饮食；富含抗氧化剂的食物；以及抗炎饮食，可改善PCOS女性的胰岛素敏感性和激素平衡。体育活动，如有氧运动和抗阻运动，可增强胰岛素敏感性，有助于体重减轻，并改善PCOS女性的代谢和生殖结局。此外，行为和教育模块也可用于提高对传统治疗的认识、依从性和有效性，并管理与PCOS相关的心理健康问题。总体而言，生活方式改变不仅可改善PCOS患者的生化、激素和人体测量参数，还可降低代谢和心血管疾病的长期风险。
