He Xiaofeng, Su Jiao, Wang Kunbo, Liang Yuanhao, Wang Long
Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Department of biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 1;20(8):e0329336. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329336. eCollection 2025.
The global prevalence and trends of gynecological diseases (GDs) among women of childbearing age (WCBA) remain unclear and may be underestimated. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of GDs at global, regional, and national levels and assess changes from 1990 to 2021.
Data on the annual prevalence of major GDs, including uterine fibroids, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), female infertility, endometriosis, genital prolapse, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and other GDs, were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. The study analyzed women aged 15-49 years across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) in the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) were calculated to quantify temporal trends, by age and socio-demographic index (SDI).
In 2021, the global prevalence of GDs among WCBA was estimated at 1.21 billion cases, corresponding to a ASPR of 62,091.73 cases per 100,000 population (95% UI: 62,088.24 to 62,095.23). While the ASPR for GDs remained stable from 1990 to 2021 (EAPC = 0% [95% CI: -0.03 to 0.02]), the number of prevalent cases doubled over the same period. In 2021, the most prevalent GD globally was PMS, followed by uterine fibroids, PCOS, and female infertility. Conditions such as uterine fibroids, PCOS, and female infertility showed a significant upward trend in ASPR over time. Additionally, the ASPR of most GDs generally decreased with rising SDI, except for PCOS, which exhibited an increasing trend with higher SDI. The prevalence of GDs also increased with age, peaking in the 40-44 years age group. However, a shift in the burden of GDs toward younger women was observed, with significant increases in prevalence rates for uterine fibroids, PCOS, female infertility, and PMS in women aged 20-29 years.
GDs among WCBA remain a global concern, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions, especially for younger populations and in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure. Prioritizing early intervention, addressing environmental risk factors, and removing barriers to healthcare access will mitigate the long-term impact of these conditions on women's health and overall well-being.
育龄期女性妇科疾病（GDs）的全球患病率及趋势仍不明确，且可能被低估。本研究旨在评估全球、区域和国家层面妇科疾病的患病率，并评估1990年至2021年期间的变化情况。
从《2021年全球疾病、伤害及风险因素负担研究》（GBD 2021）中获取主要妇科疾病（包括子宫肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）、女性不孕症、子宫内膜异位症、生殖器脱垂、经前综合征（PMS）及其他妇科疾病）的年度患病率数据。该研究分析了1990年至2021年期间204个国家和地区的15 - 49岁女性。计算年龄标准化患病率（ASPR）的估计年度百分比变化（EAPC），以按年龄和社会人口学指数（SDI）量化时间趋势。
2021年，育龄期女性妇科疾病的全球患病率估计为12.1亿例，相当于每10万人口中ASPR为62,091.73例（95% UI：62,088.24至62,095.23）。虽然1990年至2021年期间妇科疾病的ASPR保持稳定（EAPC = 0% [95% CI：-0.03至0.02]），但同期患病例数翻了一番。2021年，全球最常见的妇科疾病是经前综合征，其次是子宫肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合征和女性不孕症。子宫肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合征和女性不孕症等疾病的ASPR随时间呈显著上升趋势。此外，除多囊卵巢综合征外，大多数妇科疾病的ASPR通常随SDI上升而下降，多囊卵巢综合征则随SDI升高呈上升趋势。妇科疾病的患病率也随年龄增加而上升，在40 - 44岁年龄组达到峰值。然而，观察到妇科疾病负担向年轻女性转移，20 - 29岁女性的子宫肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合征、女性不孕症和经前综合征患病率显著增加。
育龄期女性的妇科疾病仍然是全球关注的问题，突出了针对性干预的迫切需求，特别是针对年轻人群和医疗保健基础设施有限的地区。优先考虑早期干预、解决环境风险因素以及消除医疗保健获取障碍，将减轻这些疾病对女性健康和整体福祉的长期影响。
