Ceballos-Sánchez Daniela, Sáez-Fuertes Laura, Casanova-Crespo Sergi, Rodríguez-Lagunas Maria J, Castell Margarida, Pérez-Cano Francisco J, Massot-Cladera Malen
Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 18;17(2):341. doi: 10.3390/nu17020341.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet composition is important for health, especially during critical periods such as pre-gestation (P), gestation (G), or lactation (S), due to its potential impact not only on the mother but on the offspring. The Mediterranean diet includes many healthy foods rich in fiber and/or polyphenols, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts. The present preclinical study assesses the impact of a diet rich in fiber and polyphenols (HFP diet) during one of those three periods (P, G, or S, three weeks each) on the rat gene expression of the small intestine obtained at the end of the lactation period.
This analysis was performed by the mRNA two step PCR amplification by random primers and poly-T, followed by library generation and HiSeq X-Ten Illumina sequencing (Seqplexing), and further confirmed by Real time PCR and ELISA.
The results showed a broad number of genes significantly modulated after the HFP diet compared to the reference diet, with a higher number of genes modulated when the supplementing period was closer to the analysis day (S > G > P). Notably, genes involved in immune signaling, intestinal absorption, and cell growth were among those more significantly affected by the HFP dietary intervention. The HFP diet influenced the expression of key genes such as ferritin, fatty acid synthase, apelin, and complement proteins, among others. There was a unique gene modified in all the intervention periods (Family with Sequence Similarity 117 Member A, , which codifies a protein with unknown function), indicating that this molecule may participate critically in the effects induced by fiber and polyphenols during these periods.
Overall, in rats, the influence of diet for a three-week period around birth is able to modulate the intestinal gene expression, and consequently, maternal health, which can eventually have an indirect impact on the offspring.
背景/目的：饮食组成对健康很重要，特别是在孕前（P）、孕期（G）或哺乳期（S）等关键时期，因为它不仅可能影响母亲，还会影响后代。地中海饮食包含许多富含纤维和/或多酚的健康食物，如全谷物、水果、蔬菜、豆类和坚果。本临床前研究评估了在这三个时期之一（P、G或S，各为期三周）富含纤维和多酚的饮食（HFP饮食）对哺乳期结束时获取的大鼠小肠基因表达的影响。
通过随机引物和聚T进行mRNA两步PCR扩增，随后构建文库并进行Illumina HiSeq X-Ten测序（序列复用），并通过实时PCR和ELISA进一步确认，以此进行分析。
结果显示，与参考饮食相比，HFP饮食后有大量基因受到显著调节，当补充期越接近分析日时，受调节的基因数量越多（S>G>P）。值得注意的是，参与免疫信号传导、肠道吸收和细胞生长的基因是受HFP饮食干预影响更显著的基因。HFP饮食影响了铁蛋白、脂肪酸合酶、apelin和补体蛋白等关键基因的表达。在所有干预时期都有一个独特的基因发生了改变（序列相似性家族117成员A，编码一种功能未知的蛋白质），这表明该分子可能在这些时期纤维和多酚诱导的效应中起关键作用。
总体而言，在大鼠中，出生前后为期三周的饮食影响能够调节肠道基因表达，进而影响母体健康，最终可能对后代产生间接影响。
