Li Jie, Zhang Hengjia, Zhou Chenli, Teng Anguo, Lei Lian, Ba Yuchun, Yu Jiandong, Li Fuqiang
College of Agricultural and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station, Hongshui River Management Office, Minle 734500, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 13;14(2):210. doi: 10.3390/plants14020210.
In order to explore the water and fertilizer requirements of eggplants in the western oasis of the river, the experiment was conducted in Minle County of Gansu Province in 2022 and 2023 under three water stress gradients and three nitrogen application levels: (1) moderate water stress (W, 50-60% in field water capacity [FC]), mild water stress (W, 60-70% in FC), and full irrigation (W, 70-80% in FC); (2) low nitrogen (N, 215 kg·ha), medium nitrogen (N, 270 kg·ha), and high nitrogen (N, 325 kg·ha). Moderate and mild water stress were applied during eggplant flowering and fruiting while full irrigation was provided during the other growth stages; a control class (CK) was established with full irrigation throughout the whole plant growth without nitrogen application. This study investigated the effects of water-saving and nitrogen reduction on the yield, quality, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of eggplants in a cold and arid environment in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area of China. Using the EWM-TOPSIS model, we evaluated different water-nitrogen treatments and determined the optimal irrigation-nitrogen application model for eggplants in this region. The results showed that the WN treatment had the highest yield, which was not significantly ( > 0.05) different from the WN treatment while significantly ( < 0.05) 35.06% higher than CK in 2022 and 36.91% higher in 2023. In the WN treatment, the transverse diameter of eggplants, as well as the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solids, and vitamin C, were all the highest. The WN treatment had the maximum water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, which were significantly higher than other water and nitrogen application treatments and CK by 14.79-42.51% in 2022 and 8.79-44.88% in 2023, and 15.86-45.55% in 2022 and 4.68-40.22% in 2023, respectively. By employing the EWM-TOPSIS model for comprehensive evaluation, the results indicated that mild water deficit (60-70% in FC) and moderate nitrogen application (270 kg·ha) at flowering and fruiting of eggplants was the optimal water and nitrogen application mode under mulched drip irrigation in the Hexi region of northwest China. The results will provide some theoretical basis for water-saving, productive, high-quality, and high-efficiency cultivation of eggplant in cold and arid environments.
为探究河西绿洲灌区西部茄子的水肥需求，于2022年和2023年在甘肃省民乐县开展试验，设置了3个水分胁迫梯度和3个施氮水平：（1）中度水分胁迫（W，田间持水量的50 - 60%）、轻度水分胁迫（W，田间持水量的60 - 70%）和充分灌溉（W，田间持水量的70 - 80%）；（2）低氮（N，215 kg·ha）、中氮（N，270 kg·ha）和高氮（N，325 kg·ha）。茄子开花结果期施加中度和轻度水分胁迫，其他生育期进行充分灌溉；设立对照（CK），整个植株生长期间进行充分灌溉且不施氮。本研究探讨了节水减氮对中国河西绿洲灌区寒冷干旱环境下茄子产量、品质及水氮利用效率的影响。利用EWM - TOPSIS模型评估了不同水氮处理，并确定了该地区茄子的最优灌溉施氮模式。结果表明，WN处理产量最高，2022年与WN处理差异不显著（>0.05），但显著高于CK（<0.05），较CK高35.06%，2023年较CK高36.91%。WN处理下，茄子横径、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物及维生素C含量均最高。WN处理水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率最高，2022年显著高于其他水氮处理及CK，增幅为14.79 - 42.51%，2023年为8.79 - 44.88%；2022年灌溉水利用效率较其他处理及CK高15.86 - 45.55%，2023年为4.68 - 40.22%。通过EWM - TOPSIS模型综合评价表明，中国西北河西地区膜下滴灌条件下，茄子开花结果期轻度水分亏缺（田间持水量的60 - 70%）和适量施氮（270 kg·ha）是最优水氮施用模式。研究结果将为寒冷干旱环境下茄子节水、高产、优质、高效栽培提供一定理论依据。
