King Emily M, Panfil Amanda R
Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Center for RNA Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Viruses. 2025 Jan 17;17(1):124. doi: 10.3390/v17010124.
Since the discovery of RNA in the early 1900s, scientific understanding of RNA form and function has evolved beyond protein coding. Viruses, particularly retroviruses like human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), rely heavily on RNA and RNA post-transcriptional modifications to regulate the viral lifecycle, pathogenesis, and evasion of host immune responses. With the emergence of new sequencing technologies in the last decade, our ability to dissect the intricacies of RNA has flourished. The ability to study RNA epigenetic modifications and splice variants has become more feasible with the recent development of third-generation sequencing technologies, such as Oxford nanopore sequencing. This review will highlight the dynamic roles of known RNA and post-transcriptional RNA epigenetic modifications within HTLV-1 biology, including viral , long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), R-loops, N6-methyladenosine (mA) modifications, and RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines.
自20世纪初发现RNA以来，科学界对RNA形式和功能的理解已超越蛋白质编码范畴。病毒，尤其是像人类1型T细胞白血病病毒（HTLV-1）这样的逆转录病毒，在很大程度上依赖RNA和RNA转录后修饰来调控病毒生命周期、发病机制以及逃避宿主免疫反应。在过去十年中，随着新测序技术的出现，我们剖析RNA复杂细节的能力得到了极大提升。随着第三代测序技术（如牛津纳米孔测序）的最新发展，研究RNA表观遗传修饰和剪接变体的能力变得更加可行。本综述将重点介绍已知的RNA以及转录后RNA表观遗传修饰在HTLV-1生物学中的动态作用，包括病毒、长链非编码RNA、微小RNA（miRNA）、转运RNA（tRNA）、R环、N6-甲基腺苷（m⁶A）修饰以及基于RNA的治疗方法和疫苗。
