Darvishi Arezu, Hassani Laleh, Mohseni Shokrollah, Shahabi Nahid
Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
BMJ Open. 2025 Jan 25;15(1):e091420. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091420.
It is essential to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through self-care behaviours and to ascertain the predictors of correct health training for the control of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive role of the constructs of the health belief model in encouraging T2DM to adopt self-care behaviours in Bandar Abbas city.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in Bandar Abbas.
Participants were 246 patients with T2DM referring to six comprehensive healthcare centres in Bandar Abbas city. They were enrolled using the accessible sampling method and were requested to complete a questionnaire.
The results of the present study indicated that the health belief model could explain 50.73% of the variance in patients with T2DM's self-care behaviours. Among the constructs of the health belief model, the constructs of self-efficacy (52.4%), perceived barriers (38.8%) and perceived susceptibility (34.9%) best predicted the adherence of patients to self-care behaviours, suggesting that these constructs can be considered to improve self-care behaviours in patients with T2DM.
According to the results of this study, the health belief model can be a suitable and effective tool for predicting self-care behaviours in patients with T2DM. There was a statistically significant correlation was found between self-care behaviours and all the constructs except perceived barriers. Considering the positive effects of the health belief model in improving the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes, it is suggested to use this model in planning interventions to improve self-care in other diseases affected by lifestyle-based behaviour.
通过自我护理行为来管理2型糖尿病（T2DM）并确定控制糖尿病正确健康培训的预测因素至关重要。本研究的目的是确定健康信念模型的构成要素在鼓励阿巴斯港城市的T2DM患者采取自我护理行为方面的预测作用。
这项横断面研究于2022年在阿巴斯港进行。
参与者为246名转诊至阿巴斯港城市六个综合医疗中心的T2DM患者。他们采用方便抽样法入选，并被要求完成一份问卷。
本研究结果表明，健康信念模型可以解释T2DM患者自我护理行为中50.73%的变异。在健康信念模型的构成要素中，自我效能感（52.4%）、感知障碍（38.8%）和感知易感性（34.9%）这几个构成要素最能预测患者对自我护理行为的依从性，这表明这些构成要素可被视为改善T2DM患者自我护理行为的因素。
根据本研究结果，健康信念模型可以成为预测T2DM患者自我护理行为的合适且有效的工具。除了感知障碍外，自我护理行为与所有构成要素之间均存在统计学上的显著相关性。考虑到健康信念模型在改善2型糖尿病患者自我护理方面的积极作用，建议在规划干预措施以改善受基于生活方式的行为影响的其他疾病的自我护理时使用该模型。
