Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Jaws: A Retrospective Analysis of 19 Cases.

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the clinical, radiographic, and pathological characteristics of aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws (JABCs), and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients with JABC diagnosed from 2018 to 2022.

RESULTS

Of the 19 JABC patients (5 males, 14 females, aged 7-53 years, mean 23.7), 94.7% of the lesions were in the mandible, with only 5.3% in the maxilla. Painless swelling was the most common symptom. CT typically showed bone expansion with either a unilocular or multilocular appearance and visible intracystic septa. MRI revealed characteristic 'fluid-fluid' levels within the lesion. Microscopically, most cases were unilocular or multilocular; 10.5% were cystic-solid, and USP6 gene disruption was detected in 44.4% of tested cases (4/9). All the cases were treated surgically, ranging from curettage to extensive excision. The follow-up data of 16 patients were obtained, most of them had a good prognosis, with one patient relapsed 9 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION

JABC commonly occurs in the mandible, with a higher incidence in women. Swelling is the most common symptom. Radiographic findings were mostly unilocular or multilocular lesions with clear boundaries, and the characteristic multiple 'fluid-fluid' level could be used as an important basis for diagnosis. Smaller lesions can achieve good therapeutic effects through curettage, while larger ones often require radical excision followed by autologous bone graft reconstruction simultaneously. Prognosis is favourable in most cases.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

JABC are rare but clinically significant, requiring accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. This study analyses 19 cases, highlighting their diverse clinical, imaging, and histological features. Early detection and personalized treatment, including surgery, are crucial to prevent recurrence and preserve function. Long-term follow-up is essential for monitoring outcomes. These findings enhance the understanding of JABC, guiding clinicians in management for better patient outcomes.