Flood change detection model based on an improved U-net network and multi-head attention mechanism.

This work aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of flood disaster monitoring, including monitoring before, during, and after the flood, to achieve accurate extraction of flood disaster change information. A modified U-Net network model, incorporating the Transformer multi-head attention mechanism (TM), is developed specifically for the characteristics of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. By integrating the TM, the model effectively prioritizes image regions relevant to flood disasters. The model is trained on a substantial volume of annotated SAR image data, and its performance is assessed using metrics such as loss function, accuracy, and precision. Experimental findings demonstrate significant improvements in loss value, accuracy, and precision compared to existing models. Specifically, the accuracy of the model algorithm in this work reaches 95.52%, marking a 3.46% improvement over the baseline U-Net network. Additionally, the developed model achieves an accuracy of 90.11% while maintaining a loss value of approximately 0.59, whereas other model algorithms exceed a loss value of 0.74. Thus, this work not only introduces a novel technical approach for flood disaster monitoring but also has the potential to enhance disaster response procedures and provide scientific evidence for disaster management and risk assessment processes.