Amini Maryam, Ghodsi Delaram, Shafaatdoost Mehrnoosh, Borazjani Mohadese, Aghayan Maryam, Shariatzadeh Nastaran
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Inquiry. 2025 Jan-Dec;62:469580251314775. doi: 10.1177/00469580251314775.
Food advertising may influence food preferences and consumption. Due to these advertisements' role in health, the present study has updated the data available on television and radio food advertisements in Iran until 2020. Meanwhile, food advertisements on billboards have been analyzed for the first time. All programs broadcast on two TV and radio channels were downloaded and saved 24 h daily for one week (November 10-16th, 2020). Also, on November 15th billboards located on the busy highways of Tehran were photographed. Validated protocols analyzed the advertisements. A total of 6026 advertisements were analyzed, including 4287 on TV, 1545 on radio, and 194 on billboards. The total duration of TV and radio advertising was 48.6 h. Food products were the most displayed advertisements on TV, radio, and billboards (33.6%). Overall, "condiments" and "desserts" were the most frequently advertised food products among all the studied media (20% and 17%, respectively). The most common advertising appeal included "High quality" on TV and billboards and "Stimulation of profiteering and profit-seeking" on the radio. Advertising violation based on Iran's regulations, Nutrient profile model for the marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages to children in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, and International Network for Food and Obesity / Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) was reported to be 13%, 74%, and 51%, respectively. Food products ranked the highest among all the advertisements. A clear violation of domestic and international advertising regulations was observed which given the high share of food advertising in the studied media, could endanger public health. This study supports the need for stricter regulations and adherence to international standards to improve nutritional status.
食品广告可能会影响食物偏好和消费。鉴于这些广告对健康的影响，本研究更新了截至2020年伊朗电视和广播食品广告的现有数据。与此同时，还首次对广告牌上的食品广告进行了分析。在两个电视频道和广播频道上播出的所有节目均被下载，并在一周内（2020年11月10日至16日）每天保存24小时。此外，11月15日，对位于德黑兰繁忙高速公路上的广告牌进行了拍照。采用经过验证的方案对广告进行分析。共分析了6026条广告，其中电视广告4287条，广播广告1545条，广告牌广告194条。电视和广播广告的总时长为48.6小时。食品是在电视、广播和广告牌上展示最多的广告类型（占33.6%）。总体而言，在所有研究媒体中，“调味品”和“甜点”是广告宣传最频繁的食品（分别占20%和17%）。最常见的广告诉求在电视和广告牌上是“高品质”，在广播上是“刺激投机和逐利”。据报告，根据伊朗法规、世卫组织东地中海区域向儿童推销食品和非酒精饮料的营养成分模型以及食品与肥胖/非传染性疾病国际研究监测与行动支持网络（INFORMAS），广告违规率分别为13%、74%和51%。食品在所有广告中排名最高。观察到明显违反国内外广告法规的情况，鉴于食品广告在研究媒体中所占比例较高，这可能危害公众健康。本研究支持需要更严格的法规并遵守国际标准以改善营养状况。
