Nashibi Sara, Amdjadi Parisa, Ahmadi SeyedehSana, Hekmatian Sara, Torshabi Maryam
School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jan 27;25(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05517-1.
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based cement that has changed conventional dental therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate physical, chemical and biological properties of novel AGM MTA, in comparison with MTA Angelus.
The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The initial and final setting times were measured via a Gillmore needle following the ISO 6876:2012 standard. The radiopacity of the materials was evaluated against an aluminium step wedge on the basis of the ISO 6876 and 13,116 standards. The pH changes were measured at intervals of 3, 6, 24, 72, 96 and 144 h postimmersion in Hank's solution and calcium ion release was analysed after 168 h of immersion via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‒OES). Moreover, the cytotoxicity was assessed through the MTT assay on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) after 24 and 72 h of exposure to the set/fresh status of various dilutions of MTA extracts, following the ISO 10993-12 standard.
No significant difference was found between the initial setting times of the two materials (Angelus: 11.0 ± 1.0 min, AGM: 10.3 ± 1.5 min); however, MTA Angelus demonstrated a significantly shorter final setting time. Both materials met the minimum radiopacity requirements according to the ISO 6876 standard, with MTA Angelus exhibiting greater radiopacity than AGM MTA. Both materials created an alkaline environment without presenting any differences in each time point and AGM MTA released significantly greater amounts of calcium ions. In the cytotoxicity assessment, while the diluted extracts of both materials did not elicit any cytotoxic effects, the nondiluted samples, after 72 h of exposure, as well as the 30-min set AGM MTA after 24 h of exposure, were shown to be cytotoxic.
In conclusion, MTA Angelus presented a faster setting time and lower cytotoxicity, while AGM MTA demonstrated greater calcium ion release. However, both materials presented clinically acceptable properties and AGM MTA could be a potential alternative to MTA Angelus. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm its application.
三氧化矿物凝聚体（MTA）是一种硅酸钙基水门汀，它改变了传统的牙科治疗方法。本研究旨在评估新型AGM MTA与MTA Angelus相比的物理、化学和生物学特性。
按照制造商的说明制备样品。初始和终凝时间根据ISO 6876:2012标准通过吉尔摩针进行测量。根据ISO 6876和13116标准，以铝阶梯楔形板为对照评估材料的射线不透性。在汉克溶液中浸泡后，分别于3、6、24、72、96和144小时测量pH值变化，并在浸泡168小时后通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）分析钙离子释放情况。此外，根据ISO 10993-12标准，在人牙髓干细胞（hDPSC）暴露于各种稀释度的MTA提取物的凝固/新鲜状态24和72小时后，通过MTT试验评估细胞毒性。
两种材料的初始凝固时间无显著差异（Angelus：11.0±1.0分钟，AGM：10.3±1.5分钟）；然而，MTA Angelus的终凝时间明显更短。根据ISO 6876标准，两种材料均满足最低射线不透性要求，MTA Angelus的射线不透性高于AGM MTA。两种材料均营造了碱性环境，各时间点均无差异，且AGM MTA释放的钙离子量显著更多。在细胞毒性评估中，虽然两种材料的稀释提取物均未引起任何细胞毒性作用，但未稀释的样品在暴露72小时后，以及凝固30分钟的AGM MTA在暴露24小时后，均显示具有细胞毒性。
总之，MTA Angelus凝固时间更快，细胞毒性更低，而AGM MTA钙离子释放量更大。然而，两种材料均具有临床可接受的特性，AGM MTA可能是MTA Angelus的潜在替代品。然而，需要进一步的临床研究来证实其应用。
