Peinado-Guevara Luz Isela, Mejía-Sánchez Mayra, Clark-Tapia Ricardo, Alfonso-Corrado Cecilia, Campista-León Samuel
Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, MEX.
Institute for Environmental Studies, Sierra Juarez University, Ixtlan de Juarez, MEX.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 28;16(12):e76521. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76521. eCollection 2024 Dec.
In Mexico, respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), acute respiratory infections (ARI), pertussis (Pt), and pneumonia-bronchopneumonia (Nemu) represent critical public health challenges that contribute to morbidity and mortality and are exacerbated by socioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic.
To evaluate the trends, seasonal patterns, and geographic distribution of major respiratory diseases in Mexico between 2000 and 2020.
Data from the National Epidemiologic Surveillance System were analyzed using advanced statistical methods, including Kruskal-Wallis tests, Mann-Whitney analysis, and multivariate analysis, to identify temporal and regional variations.
A 21-year analysis revealed significant (χ² = 63.57, p < 0.01) trends in the incidence of respiratory diseases in Mexico. Results showed an increase in TB and Pt cases in recent years and a decreasing trend in ARI and Nemu, with fluctuations influenced by socioeconomic factors and the pandemic. Seasonally, TB and Pt showed the highest incidence in spring and summer (27.4% and 32%, respectively), whereas ARI (29.7%) and Nemu (33%) peaked in winter.
Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of TB and Pt need to be strengthened, and surveillance of ARI and Nemu must be maintained. Public health policies, vaccination campaigns, and inter-institutional and community collaboration are essential to address these challenges.
在墨西哥，诸如结核病（TB）、急性呼吸道感染（ARI）、百日咳（Pt）和肺炎 - 支气管肺炎（Nemu）等呼吸道疾病是重大的公共卫生挑战，这些疾病导致发病率和死亡率上升，且因社会经济因素和新冠疫情而加剧。
评估2000年至2020年间墨西哥主要呼吸道疾病的趋势、季节性模式和地理分布。
使用包括克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验、曼 - 惠特尼分析和多变量分析在内的先进统计方法，对国家流行病学监测系统的数据进行分析，以确定时间和区域差异。
一项为期21年的分析显示，墨西哥呼吸道疾病发病率存在显著（χ² = 63.57，p < 0.01）趋势。结果表明，近年来结核病和百日咳病例有所增加，急性呼吸道感染和肺炎 - 支气管肺炎呈下降趋势，且受社会经济因素和疫情影响存在波动。季节性方面，结核病和百日咳在春季和夏季发病率最高（分别为27.4%和32%），而急性呼吸道感染（29.7%）和肺炎 - 支气管肺炎（33%）在冬季达到峰值。
需要加强结核病和百日咳的预防、早期诊断和治疗，并持续监测急性呼吸道感染和肺炎 - 支气管肺炎。公共卫生政策、疫苗接种运动以及机构间和社区合作对于应对这些挑战至关重要。
