Singh Kulveer, Maurya Kuldeep Kumar, Malviya Manisha
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
Mikrochim Acta. 2025 Jan 29;192(2):110. doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-06972-x.
In the modern age, half of the population is facing various chronic illnesses due to glucose maintenance in the body, major causes of fatality and inefficiency. The early identification of glucose plays a crucial role in medical treatment and the food industry, particularly in diabetes diagnosis. In the past few years, non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors have received a lot of interest for their ability to identify glucose levels accurately. Electrochemical biosensors are developing as a propitious solution for personalized health monitoring due to their accuracy, specificity, and affordability. This review article provides an observation of a variety of non-enzymatic glucose sensor resources, such as carbon nanomaterials, noble metals gold and silver, transition metal and their oxides, and porous material composites. Moreover, basic knowledge of the reaction mechanism of enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensors are outlined and recent advancements in glucose sensors applications to various human body biofluids such as sweat, tears, urine, saliva, and blood are presented. Finally, this review summarizes electrochemical sensors for glucose detection in human body fluids, the challenges they faced, and their solutions.
在现代社会，由于人体葡萄糖维持方面的问题，一半的人口正面临各种慢性疾病，这些问题是导致死亡和身体机能下降的主要原因。葡萄糖的早期识别在医疗和食品行业中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在糖尿病诊断方面。在过去几年里，非酶电化学葡萄糖传感器因其能够准确识别葡萄糖水平而备受关注。由于其准确性、特异性和可承受性，电化学生物传感器正发展成为个性化健康监测的理想解决方案。这篇综述文章观察了各种非酶葡萄糖传感器资源，如碳纳米材料、贵金属金和银、过渡金属及其氧化物以及多孔材料复合材料。此外，概述了酶促和非酶促葡萄糖传感器的反应机制基础知识，并介绍了葡萄糖传感器在汗液、眼泪、尿液、唾液和血液等各种人体生物流体中的应用最新进展。最后，本综述总结了用于检测人体体液中葡萄糖的电化学传感器、它们面临的挑战以及解决方案。
