Paulina Przyborowska, Dawid Tobolski
Department of Veterinary Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland.
Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-787, Poland.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jan 29;21(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04504-6.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a prevalent respiratory pathogen causing substantial economic losses in swine production worldwide. The bacterium's ability to rapidly develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to effective treatment and control. In Poland, limited data on A. pleuropneumoniae serotype distribution and AMR patterns hinder evidence-based treatment strategies. This study examined the serotype diversity and AMR patterns of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from porcine pleuropneumonia outbreaks in northeastern Poland between 2019 and 2024, providing crucial information for regional veterinary practices and antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Analysis of 119 isolates from 67 farms demonstrated the predominance of serotype 2 (65.5%), followed by serogroups 3, 6, 8 (18.5%) and 1, 9, 11 (15.1%). This distribution differs from recent trends in other European countries, suggesting regional epidemiological variations. High resistance rates were observed for tylosin (55.5%), gentamicin (36.1%), doxycycline (32.8%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (26.1%). Multidrug resistance fluctuated between 14.3% and 21.9% over the study period, with no clear linear trend. From 2022 onwards, strains exhibiting resistance to seven or more antimicrobials, including cephalosporins, emerged, marking a significant shift in resistance profiles. Temporal analysis revealed diverse resistance patterns, with significant increases in some antimicrobials (e.g., sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, p = 0.001) and stability in others (e.g., tetracycline, p = 0.890). Notably, several antimicrobials, including florfenicol and colistin, maintained 100% efficacy against all isolates throughout the study period.
The findings highlight the dynamic nature of AMR development in A. pleuropneumoniae and underscore the need for ongoing surveillance in the region. The emergence of highly resistant strains, particularly those resistant to cephalosporins, raises concerns about future treatment options. These results can guide evidence-based treatment strategies and enhance antimicrobial stewardship efforts in regional swine production. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of local AMR data in guiding antimicrobial use policies and the need for a coordinated approach to combat AMR in veterinary medicine.
胸膜肺炎放线杆菌是一种常见的呼吸道病原体，在全球养猪业中造成巨大经济损失。该细菌迅速产生抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的能力对有效治疗和控制构成了重大挑战。在波兰，关于胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型分布和AMR模式的数据有限，这阻碍了基于证据的治疗策略的制定。本研究调查了2019年至2024年波兰东北部猪胸膜肺炎疫情中分离出的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的血清型多样性和AMR模式，为区域兽医实践和抗菌药物管理工作提供了关键信息。
对来自67个农场的119株分离菌的分析表明，血清型2占主导地位（65.5%），其次是血清群3、6、8（18.5%）和1、9、11（15.1%）。这种分布与其他欧洲国家的近期趋势不同，表明存在区域流行病学差异。观察到泰乐菌素（55.5%）、庆大霉素（36.1%）、强力霉素（32.8%）和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（26.1%）的耐药率较高。在研究期间，多重耐药率在14.3%至21.9%之间波动，没有明显的线性趋势。从2022年起，出现了对包括头孢菌素在内的七种或更多抗菌药物耐药的菌株，这标志着耐药谱发生了重大变化。时间分析显示了不同的耐药模式，一些抗菌药物的耐药率显著增加（如磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶，p = 0.001），而另一些则保持稳定（如四环素，p = 0.890）。值得注意的是，在整个研究期间，包括氟苯尼考和黏菌素在内的几种抗菌药物对所有分离菌的疗效均保持100%。
研究结果突出了胸膜肺炎放线杆菌AMR发展的动态性质，并强调了该地区持续监测的必要性。高耐药菌株的出现，尤其是对头孢菌素耐药的菌株，引发了对未来治疗选择的担忧。这些结果可以指导基于证据的治疗策略，并加强区域养猪生产中的抗菌药物管理工作。此外，该研究强调了当地AMR数据在指导抗菌药物使用政策方面的重要性，以及在兽医学中采取协调一致的方法对抗AMR的必要性。
