音乐训练对3至6岁学龄前儿童执行功能的影响：系统评价与荟萃分析
Effects of music training on executive functions in preschool children aged 3-6 years: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Lu Yanan, Shi Lin, Musib Ahmad Faudzi
机构信息
Department of Music, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2025 Jan 15;15:1522962. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1522962. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Executive functions is a crucial ability in the early development of preschool children. While numerous studies have found that music training has a favorable effect on children's executive functions, there is a lack of a consistent perspective on this topic, particularly with regard to the dose-response relationship.
METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to compute standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
In all, 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis, in which children's music training groups showed significantly improved inhibitory control (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.6), working memory (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.54), and cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.04-0.42) in comparison with control groups. Subgroup analyses indicated significant improvements relative to the control groups for inhibitory control following music training having a duration of ≥12 weeks (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22-0.8), occurring ≥3 times per week (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.2-0.75), and lasting 20-30 min per session (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.2-0.63). Significant improvements were seen for working memory following music training having a duration of ≥12 weeks (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.65), occurring <3 times per week (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.06-0.93), occurring ≥3 times per week (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI:0.1-0.47), and lasting 20-30 min per session (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16-0.54). Music training significantly improved cognitive flexibility following training having a duration of ≥12 weeks (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04-0.41), occurring ≥3 times per week (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.0-0.39), and lasting >40 min per session (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.22-1.26).
CONCLUSION
Music training has a positive effect on inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in preschool children aged 3-6 years. This effect is influenced by certain training factors, including the duration of the intervention period, frequency per week, and length of each session.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#aboutregpage, CRD42024513482.
背景
执行功能是学龄前儿童早期发展中的一项关键能力。虽然众多研究发现音乐训练对儿童的执行功能有积极影响，但在这个问题上缺乏一致的观点，特别是在剂量反应关系方面。
方法
对科学网、PubMed、Scopus和中国知网进行了系统检索。采用随机效应荟萃分析来计算标准化均数差（SMD）和95%置信区间（CI）。
结果
荟萃分析共纳入10项研究，其中儿童音乐训练组在抑制控制（SMD = 0.38，95% CI：0.16 - 0.6）、工作记忆（SMD = 0.35，95% CI：0.16 - 0.54）和认知灵活性（SMD = 0.23，95% CI：0.04 - 0.42）方面与对照组相比有显著改善。亚组分析表明，与对照组相比，音乐训练持续时间≥12周（SMD = 0.51，95% CI：0.22 - 0.8）、每周进行≥3次（SMD = 0.48，95% CI：0.2 - 0.75）、每次持续20 - 30分钟（SMD = 0.42，95% CI：0.2 - 0.63）时，抑制控制有显著改善。音乐训练持续时间≥12周（SMD = 0.42，95% CI：0.18 - 0.65）、每周进行次数<3次（SMD = 0.49，95% CI：0.06 - 0.93）、每周进行≥3次（SMD = 0.28，95% CI：0.1 - 0.47）、每次持续20 - 30分钟（SMD = 0.39，95% CI：0.16 - 0.54）时，工作记忆有显著改善。音乐训练持续时间≥12周（SMD = 0.22，95% CI：0.04 - 0.41）、每周进行≥3次（SMD = 0.19，95% CI：0.0 - 0.39）、每次持续>40分钟（SMD = 0.74，95% CI：0.22 - 1.26）时，认知灵活性有显著改善。
结论
音乐训练对3 - 6岁学龄前儿童的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性有积极影响。这种影响受某些训练因素的影响，包括干预期的持续时间、每周的频率和每次训练的时长。
系统评价注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#aboutregpage，CRD42024513482 。
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