Rao Yuqin, Wang Jingjing, Li Kai, Zheng Fanhui, Chen Ying, Zhai Bo, Hong Jintao, Wang Chen, Liu Bao, Wang Dao
Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), National Health Commission, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
J Exerc Sci Fit. 2025 Jan;23(1):69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.01.001. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with physical fitness and disparities in population segments among older adults, using data from the National Physical Fitness Surveilling Survey of China.
A cross-sectional study.
A total of 13524 older adults aged 60-79 years were involved in the study. Participants completed physical fitness assessments encompassing body fat percentage, lung capacity, high leg raise in place, grip strength, seated forward bending, 30-s sit-to-stand test, single-leg standing with eyes closed, and choice reaction time. A profile analysis model was constructed by feature extraction, label design and clustering using principal component analysis and k-prototypes. Factors associated with physical fitness were analyzed using ordered probit regression, and within-group differences were evaluated through the bootstrap method.
The older adults were categorized into four clusters based on the clustering results (Cluster I: n = 2728, Cluster II: n = 6067, Cluster III: n = 4189, Cluster IV: n = 540). Significant positive associations were identified between moderate-to-vigorous transport-related activities = 0.001, p < 0.05), moderate-to-vigorous household chores ( = 0.003, p < 0.01), work-related physical activity ( = 0.001, p < 0.01), exercise ( = 0.002, p < 0.01) and physical fitness levels. Conversely, the number of illnesses ( = -0.089, p < 0.01) and sedentary behavior ( = -0.002, p < 0.05) were negatively associated with physical fitness. Inflection points were observed, indicating shifts from lower level to higher physical fitness levels as the volume of diverse moderate-to-vigorous physical activities increased. Disparities in factors associated with physical fitness were identified across the different clusters. The associations of household chores, transport-related activities, and work-related physical activity with physical fitness lacked robustness during heterogeneity processing. In contrast, exercise consistently demonstrated a facilitating role across all clusters. Furthermore, greater marginal effects on achieving higher physical fitness test scores were observed among individuals classified as inactive when engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous activities and exercise.
The findings demonstrate that engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities and exercise is associated with a significantly higher probability of achieving better physical fitness among older adults. Participating in physical activities and exercise should be encouraged based on population segments for precise and quantitative interventions to improve physical fitness.
本研究旨在利用中国国民体质监测调查的数据，调查与老年人身体健康相关的因素以及不同人群之间的差异。
横断面研究。
共有13524名年龄在60 - 79岁的老年人参与了本研究。参与者完成了包括体脂百分比、肺活量、原地纵跳、握力、坐位体前屈、30秒坐立测试、闭眼单脚站立和选择反应时在内的体质评估。通过主成分分析和k - 原型聚类，构建了一个包含特征提取、标签设计和聚类的轮廓分析模型。使用有序概率回归分析与身体健康相关的因素，并通过自助法评估组内差异。
根据聚类结果，老年人被分为四类（第一组：n = 2728，第二组：n = 6067，第三组：n = 4189，第四组：n = 540）。与中等到剧烈强度的交通相关活动（β = 0.001，p < 0.05）、中等到剧烈强度的家务劳动（β = 0.003，p < 0.01）、与工作相关的体力活动（β = 0.001，p < 0.01）、锻炼（β = 0.002，p < 0.01）与身体健康水平之间存在显著正相关。相反，疾病数量（β = -0.089，p < 0.01）和久坐行为（β = -0.002，p < 新行0.05）与身体健康呈负相关。观察到了拐点，表明随着各种中等到剧烈强度的体育活动量增加，身体健康水平从较低水平向较高水平转变。在不同聚类中发现了与身体健康相关因素的差异。家务劳动、交通相关活动和与工作相关的体力活动与身体健康之间的关联在异质性处理过程中缺乏稳健性。相比之下，锻炼在所有聚类中始终表现出促进作用。此外，对于被归类为不活跃的个体，当他们进行更多中等到剧烈强度的活动和锻炼时，在获得更高的体质测试分数方面观察到更大的边际效应。
研究结果表明，参与中等到剧烈强度的体育活动和锻炼与老年人获得更好身体健康的可能性显著更高相关。应根据人群分类鼓励参与体育活动和锻炼，以进行精准和定量干预，从而改善身体健康。
