Macedo Eduardo, Ferreira Catarina, Oliveira Ana S, Marques Ana Rita
Internal Medicine, Hospital de Braga, Braga, PRT.
Oncology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, PRT.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 30;16(12):e76606. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76606. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare and slow-progressing lymphoid disorder commonly presenting with splenomegaly and cytopenias. The diagnosis can be challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, frequently resembling other diseases. We report the case of a 48-year-old male patient, whose initial diagnostic hypotheses included cutaneous tuberculosis and reactive arthritis, but the diagnosis was confirmed as HCL after further investigation, including flow cytometry. Treatment with purine analogs led to remission and improved the patient's outcome. This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing HCL, particularly in atypical presentations, and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving clinical, laboratory, and advanced diagnostic techniques. Despite its rarity, HCL should be considered in patients with unexplained cytopenias and splenomegaly.
毛细胞白血病（HCL）是一种罕见的、进展缓慢的淋巴系统疾病，通常表现为脾肿大和血细胞减少。由于其临床表现不具特异性，常与其他疾病相似，因此诊断具有挑战性。我们报告一例48岁男性患者，其最初的诊断假设包括皮肤结核和反应性关节炎，但经过进一步检查，包括流式细胞术，最终确诊为HCL。嘌呤类似物治疗使病情缓解，改善了患者的预后。该病例突出了HCL诊断的复杂性，尤其是在非典型表现中，并强调了采用临床、实验室及先进诊断技术的多学科方法的重要性。尽管HCL罕见，但对于原因不明的血细胞减少和脾肿大患者，应考虑该病。
