Enkirch Theresa, Gervelmeyer Andrea, Hallmaier-Wacker Luisa, Melidou Angeliki, Willgert Katriina
EFSA J. 2025 Jan 29;23(1):e9183. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9183. eCollection 2025 Jan.
When investigating and controlling outbreaks caused by zoonotic avian influenza viruses (AIV), a One Health approach is key. However, knowledge-sharing on AIV-specific One Health strategies, tools and action plans remains limited across the EU/EEA. It is crucial to establish responsibilities, capacity requirements, and collaboration mechanisms during 'peace time' to enable timely and effective outbreak investigations and management. This report focuses on five scenarios for outbreak investigation and management of zoonotic AIV at the human-animal-environment interface, emphasising key actions for the stakeholders involved. The document primarily highlights the collaborative framework necessary for interdisciplinary coordinated responses, referring to more detailed guidance and technical reports published elsewhere when applicable. Three scenarios are triggered by suspected outbreaks in animals, including kept animals of listed species, non-listed species, companion animals and wild birds/mammals. The other two scenarios are initiated by a probable human case or detection of the virus in wastewater or environmental samples (e.g. surface water or other sources). All scenarios require cross-sectoral coordination and a One Health approach. While the specific sequence of actions and communication needs may differ across scenarios, the overarching response mechanisms for outbreak investigations and management remain consistent. By presenting each scenario alongside the integrated actions of stakeholders, the report identifies critical development needs, such as tools (e.g. communication and data sharing platforms); key points for information exchange across sectors, triggers for joint risk assessments, and gaps in existing knowledge. The document should assist in developing guidance documents to facilitate coordinated One Health investigations and the management of outbreaks in humans and animals caused by zoonotic avian influenza viruses.
在调查和控制由人畜共患禽流感病毒（AIV）引起的疫情时，“同一健康”方法是关键。然而，在欧盟/欧洲经济区，关于特定禽流感病毒的“同一健康”战略、工具和行动计划的知识共享仍然有限。在“和平时期”确定责任、能力要求和合作机制，对于及时有效地开展疫情调查和管理至关重要。本报告重点关注人畜共患禽流感病毒在人-动物-环境界面的疫情调查和管理的五种情景，强调相关利益攸关方的关键行动。该文件主要强调了跨学科协调应对所需的协作框架，并在适用时参考其他地方发布的更详细的指南和技术报告。三种情景是由动物疑似疫情引发的，包括列入名录的圈养动物、未列入名录的动物、伴侣动物以及野生鸟类/哺乳动物。另外两种情景是由可能的人类病例或在废水或环境样本（如地表水或其他来源）中检测到病毒引发的。所有情景都需要跨部门协调和“同一健康”方法。虽然不同情景下具体的行动顺序和沟通需求可能有所不同，但疫情调查和管理的总体应对机制保持一致。通过将每种情景与利益攸关方的综合行动一并呈现，本报告确定了关键的发展需求，如工具（如沟通和数据共享平台）；跨部门信息交流的要点、联合风险评估的触发因素以及现有知识的差距。该文件应有助于制定指导文件，以促进“同一健康”的协调调查以及人畜共患禽流感病毒引起的人类和动物疫情的管理。
