Exploring the challenges of RNAi-based strategies for crop protection.

RNA silencing (or RNA interference, RNAi) initiated by double-stranded RNAs is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. RNAi-based crop protection strategies, including host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) and microbe-induced gene silencing (MIGS), have been successfully used against various pests and pathogens. Here, we highlight the challenges surrounding dsRNA design, large-scale production of dsRNA and dsRNA delivery systems. Addressing these questions will accelerate the lab-to-field transition of RNAi-based strategies. Moreover, based on studies of exogenous dsRNA-induced RNAi inheritance in Caenorhabditis elegans, we speculate that RNAi-based strategies would confer longer-lasting protection for crops against pests or fungal pathogens.