Alemayehu Liyew, Kebede Mesfin, Wada Eyasu
Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, South Ethiopian Region, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 30;20(1):e0318559. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318559. eCollection 2025.
Smallholder wheat farmers of Ethiopia frequently use landraces as seed sources that are low yielders and susceptible to diseases due to shortage of seeds of adapted improved bread wheat varieties. Developing novel improved varieties with wider adaptability and stability is necessary to maximize the productivity of bread wheat. Hence, a multi-location field trial was conducted across four locations in south Ethiopia during the 2022/23 main cropping season with the objective of estimating the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, and determine the stable genotype among the 10 Ethiopian bread wheat advanced selections using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data recorded from all plots on 13 agronomic traits and the three wheat rust diseases were computed using appropriate statistical software. The results showed that individual and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited the presence of highly significant variability (P<0.01) among the locations, genotypes, and GEI effects for most of the traits including grain yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) ANOVA for main effects; location, genotype and GEI revealed significant variation among the selections with 82.0%, 8.7% and 9.3% share of sum square variation, respectively. The genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) bi-plot analysis explained 92.44% of the total variation observed. AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses indicated G11, G9, G10, and G8 as high yielders and well-adaptive in the favourable locations. AMMI stability value (ASV) and Yield stability index (YSI) showed G5 and G8 as highly stable and adaptive selections across locations. Overall, the study identified that G8 as the most stable and adaptive selection, while G11 was the top yielder cultivar across locations. Therefor it was suggested that seeds of G8 can be grown across all the locations, whereas G11, G9, and G10 can be grown in the favourable environments and similar agro-ecologies in the east African region.
埃塞俄比亚的小农户种植小麦时，常常使用地方品种作为种子来源。由于缺乏适应性良好的改良面包小麦品种的种子，这些地方品种产量低且易染病。培育适应性更广、稳定性更强的新型改良品种对于实现面包小麦的高产至关重要。因此，在2022/23主种植季期间，在埃塞俄比亚南部的四个地点进行了多点田间试验，目的是估计基因型与环境互作（GEI）效应的大小，并使用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）和三次重复，确定10个埃塞俄比亚面包小麦高级选种中的稳定基因型。使用适当的统计软件计算了所有地块记录的13个农艺性状和三种小麦锈病的数据。结果表明，包括籽粒产量在内的大多数性状，个体和联合方差分析（ANOVA）显示地点、基因型和GEI效应之间存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。主效应（地点、基因型和GEI）的加性主效应和乘积互作（AMMI）方差分析显示，选种间存在显著差异，平方和变异份额分别为82.0%、8.7%和9.3%。基因型加基因型与环境互作（GGE）双标图分析解释了观察到的总变异的92.44%。AMMI和GGE双标图分析表明，G11、G9、G10和G8在有利地点是高产且适应性良好的品种。AMMI稳定性值（ASV）和产量稳定性指数（YSI）表明，G5和G8在各地点是高度稳定且适应性良好的选种。总体而言，该研究确定G8是最稳定且适应性最强的选种，而G11是各地点的最高产品种。因此，建议G8的种子可在所有地点种植，而G11、G9和G10可在东非地区的有利环境和类似农业生态中种植。
