Carlsen Rasmus Kirkeskov, Kirkeskov Lilli, Riis Margit S, Jacobsen Rikke K, Gronemann Frederikke Hørdam, Osler Merete, Petersen Janne, Buus Niels Henrik
Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark.
BMC Nephrol. 2025 Jan 30;26(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-03969-9.
Patients treated with chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation have difficulties in maintaining employment. We aimed to estimate employment rates among dialysis and kidney transplant patients from 3 years before to 3 years after initiating dialysis or undergoing transplantation.
All first-time dialysis and kidney transplantation patients aged 18-65 years in Denmark from 2005 to 2019 were identified using the Danish Nephrological Register and linked with information about social security benefits. Each dialysis or kidney transplant patient was matched with 3 references.
In total, 4,469 patients undergoing dialysis (median age 55 years, 65% males) and 2,294 patients receiving kidney transplants (median age 49 years, 64% males) were included together with 13,262 and 6,790 matched references, respectively. The employment rate was 11% when initiating dialysis compared to 61% for the reference group. Kidney transplantation patients had an employment rate of 20% compared to 67% for the reference group. At all time points (3 years before, 1 year before, at the time of intervention, 1 year after, and 3 years after) both dialysis and kidney transplant patients had lower employment rates compared to references (P < 0.001). There was only a partial return to work after transplantation. Employment rates increased in ESKD patients in the period 2005-2019, however, the increase was not different from corresponding reference groups.
Employment rates in ESKD patients are very low and decline long before initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation. Of concern, kidney transplantation only leads to a small increase in employment. There has been no improvement in the employment of ESKD patients from the period 2005-2009 to 2015-2019.
接受长期透析或肾移植治疗的患者在维持就业方面存在困难。我们旨在评估透析患者和肾移植患者从开始透析或接受移植前3年到之后3年的就业率。
利用丹麦肾脏病登记册确定了2005年至2019年丹麦所有年龄在18 - 65岁的首次透析和肾移植患者，并将其与社会保障福利信息相联系。每位透析或肾移植患者与3名对照者进行匹配。
总共纳入了4469例接受透析的患者（中位年龄55岁，65%为男性）和2294例接受肾移植的患者（中位年龄49岁，64%为男性），分别有13262名和6790名匹配的对照者。开始透析时的就业率为11%，而对照组为61%。肾移植患者的就业率为20%，对照组为67%。在所有时间点（干预前3年、1年、干预时、干预后1年和3年），透析患者和肾移植患者的就业率均低于对照者（P < 0.001）。移植后仅有部分患者恢复工作。2005 - 2019年期间终末期肾病（ESKD）患者的就业率有所上升，然而，这种上升与相应的对照组并无差异。
ESKD患者的就业率非常低，且在开始透析或肾移植之前很久就已下降。令人担忧的是，肾移植仅使就业率略有提高。从2005 - 2009年到2015 - 2019年，ESKD患者的就业情况没有改善。
