Durgapal Surabhi, Shetty Mamatha
Department of Periodontology, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India.
Dent Med Probl. 2025 Jan-Feb;62(1):41-48. doi: 10.17219/dmp/169387.
Periodontal disease is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that can cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissues. It has been hypothesized that while the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines causes tissue destruction and disease progression, anti-inflammatory cytokine production can result in protective immunity. The balance of inflammatory cytokines is central to the immunoregulation of the disease.
The aim of the study was to assess and compare the salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL‑35 in subjects diagnosed with gingivitis, periodontitis, and healthy individuals. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the difference in the concentration of IL‑18 and IL‑35 after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in subjects diagnosed with periodontal disease.
A total of 69 individuals were divided into 3 groups: healthy (group 1; n = 23); gingivitis (group 2; n = 23); and stage II periodontitis (group 3A; n = 23). Saliva samples were obtained from each participant at baseline and, in the periodontitis group, at baseline and 12 weeks after NSPT (group 3B; n = 23). Probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded and IL‑18 and IL‑35 levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
The mean salivary level of IL‑18 was significantly higher in the gingivitis group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), whereas the mean IL‑35 level was significantly higher in the healthy group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Twelve weeks after NSPT, the periodontitis group demonstrated a statistically significant difference in cytokine levels, characterized by a decline in the IL‑18 concentration (229.63 ±49.35 pg/mL) and an increase in the concentration of IL‑35 (29.47 ±17.88 pg/mL).
In the present study, a significant difference in the salivary levels of IL‑18 and IL‑35 before and after NSPT was observed. Therefore, these cytokines could serve as potential inflammatory biomarkers.
牙周病是最常见的慢性炎症性疾病，可导致牙周支持组织的破坏。据推测，促炎细胞因子的合成会导致组织破坏和疾病进展，而抗炎细胞因子的产生则可引发保护性免疫。炎症细胞因子的平衡对于该疾病的免疫调节至关重要。
本研究旨在评估和比较诊断为牙龈炎、牙周炎的受试者以及健康个体唾液中白细胞介素（IL）-18和IL-35的水平。此外，本研究还试图评估诊断为牙周病的受试者在接受非手术牙周治疗（NSPT）后IL-18和IL-35浓度的差异。
总共69人被分为3组：健康组（第1组；n = 23）；牙龈炎组（第2组；n = 23）；以及II期牙周炎组（第3A组；n = 23）。在基线时从每位参与者采集唾液样本，在牙周炎组中，于基线时以及NSPT后12周采集样本（第3B组；n = 23）。记录探诊深度（PD）、探诊出血（BoP）、牙龈指数（GI）和临床附着水平（CAL），并使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）分析IL-18和IL-35水平。
与其他组相比，牙龈炎组中IL-18的平均唾液水平显著更高（p < 0.05），而与其他组相比，健康组中IL-35的平均水平显著更高（p < 0.05）。NSPT后12周，牙周炎组的细胞因子水平出现统计学上的显著差异，其特征为IL-18浓度下降（229.63 ± 49.35 pg/mL）以及IL-35浓度升高（29.47 ± 17.88 pg/mL）。
在本研究中，观察到NSPT前后IL-18和IL-35的唾液水平存在显著差异。因此，这些细胞因子可作为潜在的炎症生物标志物。
