Klupinski Theodore P, Adetona Anna, Ivanov Alexander, Richardson Aaron, Strozier Erich D, Aume Laura L S, Karam Hani, Makselan Stephanie D, McCauley Martha, Mullins Larry, Stiffler Billie, Lucas Eric A, Kim Hyoshin
Battelle, Applied Science & Technology Group, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2025 Jun 23;27(7):1265-1273. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaf028.
An electronic waterpipe (electronic hookah) uses an electronic heating element to promote the vaporization and aerosolization of an e-liquid in a waterpipe. There is little or no published information characterizing the toxicant levels or particle size distributions (PSDs) of electronic waterpipe mainstream emission.
Controlled laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate electronic waterpipe mainstream emission for 40 test conditions: 10 e-liquid products × 2 power settings × 2 puffing topographies. Data were collected for amounts of three volatile toxicants and selected semi-volatile compounds, mass of total particulate matter, and PSD within the size range of 5-1000 nm.
Amounts of the volatile toxicants acetaldehyde, acrolein, and benzene measured in mainstream emission were 33-505 µg/session, 27-415 µg/session, and 0.69-2.44 µg/session, respectively. The amounts of acetaldehyde and acrolein, when reported in units of µg/puff, are generally similar to some literature-reported amounts in e-cigarette mainstream emission and tobacco waterpipe smoke. A bimodal or trimodal PSD was typically observed, and substantial concentrations of nanoparticles were detected. The amounts (in µg/puff) of the volatile toxicants and several quantitative measures of PSD were significantly affected by power setting and puffing topography.
Given the hazards of acetaldehyde and acrolein and the distinctive toxicological profile of nanoparticles, electronic waterpipe use may present significant toxicity concerns. Operation of an electronic waterpipe is a complex process in which physics, fluid dynamics, and chemistry interact to yield mainstream emission for which the composition is sensitive to changes from various sources.
This publication, to our knowledge, is the first to report the amounts of toxicants and PSDs in electronic waterpipe mainstream emission. The results reported herein suggest that there may be significant toxicity concerns associated with electronic waterpipe use as indicated by the levels of volatile toxicants and the presence of nanoparticles in electronic waterpipe mainstream emission. This knowledge is valuable to support the research community and tobacco regulatory agencies in understanding the impact that electronic waterpipe use may have on public health.
电子水烟筒（电子水烟）使用电子加热元件来促进水烟筒中电子烟液的汽化和气溶胶化。关于电子水烟筒主流烟雾的毒物水平或粒径分布（PSD），几乎没有公开信息。
进行了对照实验室实验，以评估40种测试条件下的电子水烟筒主流烟雾：10种电子烟液产品×2种功率设置×2种抽吸模式。收集了三种挥发性毒物和选定的半挥发性化合物的含量、总颗粒物质量以及5-1000纳米粒径范围内的粒径分布数据。
主流烟雾中测得的挥发性毒物乙醛、丙烯醛和苯的含量分别为33-505微克/吸、27-415微克/吸和0.69-2.44微克/吸。以微克/吸为单位报告时，乙醛和丙烯醛的含量通常与电子烟主流烟雾和传统水烟烟雾中一些文献报道的含量相似。通常观察到双峰或三峰粒径分布，并检测到大量纳米颗粒。挥发性毒物的含量（微克/吸）和粒径分布的几个定量指标受功率设置和抽吸模式的显著影响。
鉴于乙醛和丙烯醛的危害以及纳米颗粒独特的毒理学特征，使用电子水烟筒可能存在重大毒性问题。电子水烟筒的操作是一个复杂的过程，其中物理、流体动力学和化学相互作用产生主流烟雾，其成分对来自各种来源的变化敏感。
据我们所知，本出版物首次报告了电子水烟筒主流烟雾中的毒物含量和粒径分布。本文报告的结果表明，电子水烟筒主流烟雾中挥发性毒物的水平和纳米颗粒的存在表明，使用电子水烟筒可能存在重大毒性问题。这些知识对于支持研究界和烟草监管机构了解使用电子水烟筒可能对公众健康产生的影响具有重要价值。
