Kim Hyo Jeong, Jang Hyemin, Kim Hee Jin, Na Duk L, Yoon Ji Hye
Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 31;15(1):3955. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88604-1.
Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is caused by white matter degeneration. Multiple lacunar infarction due to deep small vascular disease around the subcortical structure and incomplete infarction of white matter owing to decreased perfusion are some of the causes of vascular cognitive impairment. Damage to subcortical structures and prefrontal-cortical circuits can affect motor skills along with cognitive abilities. In this study, we identified the indicators, such as pen pressure, speed, and deviation (degree of deviation from the target line), which can be observed in drawing performance in patients with SVCI. A total of 24 patients with SVCI and 26 healthy adults (HC) were subjected to digitized drawing along straight lines and spiral drawing (drawing along spiral lines, free spiral drawing). In the drawing along straight lines, the SVCI group showed a greater deviation than the HC group. In the drawing along spiral lines, the SVCI group showed greater pen pressure and deviation than the HC group. In the free spiral drawing tasks, the SVCI group showed greater pen pressure and deviation than the HC group. In the free spiral drawing task, the deviation of the SVCI group increased as the wheels of the spiral increased in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The SVCI group showed greater pressure to hold and press pencils during drawing compared to HC due to damage to cognitive and motor skills; Further, it deviated from the provided target line. These results may be due to complex cognitive-motor deficits, motor patterns, or impaired motor termination and conversion following damage to the frontal-subcortical circuit. This study provides essential clinical basic data that can be utilized to precisely determine the diminished kinematic behavior within the SVCI group.
皮质下血管性认知障碍（SVCI）由白质变性引起。皮质下结构周围深部小血管疾病导致的多发性腔隙性梗死以及灌注减少引起的白质不完全梗死是血管性认知障碍的部分病因。皮质下结构和前额叶 - 皮质回路受损会影响运动技能以及认知能力。在本研究中，我们确定了一些指标，如笔压、速度和偏差（与目标线的偏离程度），这些指标可在SVCI患者的绘图表现中观察到。共有24例SVCI患者和26名健康成年人（HC）接受了直线数字化绘图和螺旋绘图（沿螺旋线绘图、自由螺旋绘图）。在直线绘图中，SVCI组的偏差大于HC组。在螺旋线绘图中，SVCI组的笔压和偏差大于HC组。在自由螺旋绘图任务中，SVCI组的笔压和偏差大于HC组。在自由螺旋绘图任务中，SVCI组的偏差随着螺旋线的圈数在顺时针和逆时针方向增加而增大。由于认知和运动技能受损，SVCI组在绘图时握持和按压铅笔的压力比HC组更大；此外，它偏离了给定的目标线。这些结果可能归因于复杂的认知 - 运动缺陷、运动模式，或额叶 - 皮质下回路受损后运动终止和转换受损。本研究提供了重要的临床基础数据，可用于精确确定SVCI组内运动行为的减弱情况。
