Gram Marte Charlotte Dobbertin, Fagerland Morten Wang, Bø Kari
Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2025 Feb;35(2):e70022. doi: 10.1111/sms.70022.
Overuse injuries are common among competitive rhythmic gymnasts, with an estimated weekly prevalence of 37% and with the knees, lower back, and hip/groin as the most common injury locations. Reduced physical capacity (e.g., strength and flexibility) has been hypothesized to contribute to the high prevalence of overuse injuries. The primary objective of this trial was to assess if exercises targeting reduced physical capacity in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin reduce the prevalence of overuse injuries compared with usual training. Twenty-three rhythmic gymnastics clubs were cluster-randomized to an intervention group (IG: 12 clubs and 119 gymnasts) and a control group (CG: 11 clubs and 86 gymnasts). Included gymnasts had to be ≥ 12 years of age and training ≥ 3 days per week. The IG performed a targeted injury prevention program (IPP) during training/warm-up for 8 months (November 2022 to June 2023). The CG performed usual training. The prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations was measured monthly in both groups using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). The response rate to OSTRC-H2 was 94%. There was no difference in the prevalence of overuse injuries in the targeted locations between the two groups; odds ratio = 0.86 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.29); p = 0.77 for intervention vs. control. The results suggest that a targeted IPP alone is not enough to prevent overuse injuries in the knees, lower back, and hip/groin among competitive rhythmic gymnasts. Other measures (e.g., load management and proper training planning) might be targeted in future studies. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05506579.
过度使用损伤在竞技艺术体操运动员中很常见，估计每周患病率为37%，膝盖、下背部和髋部/腹股沟是最常见的损伤部位。据推测，身体能力（如力量和柔韧性）下降会导致过度使用损伤的高患病率。本试验的主要目的是评估针对膝盖、下背部和髋部/腹股沟身体能力下降的锻炼与常规训练相比，是否能降低过度使用损伤的患病率。23个艺术体操俱乐部被整群随机分为干预组（IG：12个俱乐部和119名体操运动员）和对照组（CG：11个俱乐部和86名体操运动员）。纳入的体操运动员年龄必须≥12岁，且每周训练≥3天。干预组在2022年11月至2023年6月的8个月训练/热身期间进行了针对性损伤预防计划（IPP）。对照组进行常规训练。两组每月使用奥斯陆体育创伤研究中心健康问题问卷（OSTRC-H2）测量目标部位过度使用损伤的患病率。OSTRC-H2的回复率为94%。两组目标部位过度使用损伤的患病率没有差异；优势比=0.86（95%CI 0.32至2.29）；干预组与对照组相比，p=0.77。结果表明，单独的针对性IPP不足以预防竞技艺术体操运动员膝盖、下背部和髋部/腹股沟的过度使用损伤。未来的研究可能会针对其他措施（如负荷管理和适当的训练计划）。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT05506579。
