Temporal and spatial evolution of the combined and coordinated growth of green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization and the driving mechanisms.

An issue that requires immediate attention in China is how to coordinate the interaction between green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization. This study develops a mechanistic framework for the coupling and coordination of green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization, and employs the spatial Durbin model to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of connecting coordination degree and driving mechanism. The results indicate that (1) green finance development is lagging in the comprehensive development of China's three systems. (2) The dynamic evolution features of the degree of linkage coordination between China's green finance, new urbanization, and rural industry revitalization show a potential polarization phenomenon. (3) Improving economic development and government administration has a facilitating effect on neighboring areas, whereas improving the level of rural transport infrastructure has a hindering effect. (4) While optimizing the agricultural industry's structure and raising the level of government administration in the central region impedes coupled and coordinated development, increasing the economic development in the eastern and western regions promotes it. Therefore, building green credit and investment should be accelerated; potential polarization between inter-provincial regions should be identified timely; and key factors affecting the development of coupled coordination should be a focus. In view of the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity, measures such as formulating coupled and coordinated development strategies for each region in accordance with local conditions will promote coupled and coordinated development.