Comparative Perspectives on Neuropeptide Function and Social Isolation.

Chronic social isolation alters behavior across animal species. Genetic model organisms such as mice and flies provide crucial insight into the molecular and physiological effects of social isolation on brain cells and circuits. Here, we comparatively review recent findings regarding the function of conserved neuropeptides in social isolation in mice and flies. Analogous functions of 3 classes of neuropeptides-tachykinins, cholecystokinins, and neuropeptide Y/F-in the two model organisms suggest that these molecules may be involved in modulating behavioral changes induced by social isolation across a wider range of species, including humans. Comparative approaches armed with tools to dissect neuropeptidergic function can lead to an integrated understanding of the impacts of social isolation on brain circuits and behavior.