Kabasa Stephen, Sun Yongxia, Wang Shizong, Bulka Sylwester, Wang Jianlong, Chmielewski Andrzej G
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Feb;32(8):4894-4909. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-35990-8. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
The removal of pharmaceuticals in the wastewater has been a tough problem. Herein, the Fenton-assisted electron beam radiation was employed to remove chloroquine (CQ) in aqueous solution. The results showed that electron beam removed 63% CQ at 1.5 kGy with •OH, e⁻, and H• contributing to its degradation. Additionally, the presence of CO, HCO, NO, Fe, and humic acid decreased the degradation efficiency. Furthermore, the presence of SO improved efficiency due to the generation of SO in addition to •OH. The solely Fenton process removed 57% CQ with 2 mM HO and 0.4 mM Fe(II) after 3 h. In comparison, the Fenton-assisted electron beam process effectively increased the removal efficiency of CQ up to 89%, utilizing less amounts of HO and Fe compared to the pure Fenton process. The molar ratio of the Fenton reagents influenced the efficiency of the Fenton process and the Fenton-assisted electron beam process. The low mineralization of CQ based on TOC and COD measurement was attributed to the formation of lower molecular weight organic compounds that degraded slowly. However, TOC and COD reduction in addition to dechlorination and nitrification under the Fenton-assisted electron beam process were higher, compared to the electron beam process. The degradation byproducts of CQ were identified, and the degradation mechanism was proposed. The degradation products were evaluated and determined to be less toxicity, compared to parent CQ molecule. Overall, the degradation of CQ was higher in the Fenton-assisted electron beam process with better mineralization, dechlorination, and nitrification at comparatively lower absorbed doses, compared to electron beam process and using a lower concentration of Fe compared to the Fenton process.
去除废水中的药物一直是个难题。在此，采用芬顿辅助电子束辐射法去除水溶液中的氯喹（CQ）。结果表明，电子束在1.5 kGy剂量下可去除63%的CQ，•OH、e⁻和H•对其降解有促进作用。此外，CO、HCO、NO、Fe和腐殖酸的存在会降低降解效率。再者，SO的存在提高了效率，因为除了•OH之外还会生成SO。仅芬顿法在3小时后用2 mM H₂O₂和0.4 mM Fe(II)可去除57%的CQ。相比之下，芬顿辅助电子束法与纯芬顿法相比，使用更少的H₂O₂和Fe，有效提高了CQ的去除效率，高达89%。芬顿试剂的摩尔比影响芬顿法和芬顿辅助电子束法的效率。基于TOC和COD测量，CQ的矿化程度较低归因于形成了降解缓慢的低分子量有机化合物。然而，与电子束法相比，芬顿辅助电子束法除了脱氯和硝化外，TOC和COD的降低幅度更大。鉴定了CQ的降解副产物，并提出了降解机制。与母体CQ分子相比，降解产物的毒性较低。总体而言，与电子束法相比，芬顿辅助电子束法中CQ的降解程度更高，在相对较低的吸收剂量下具有更好的矿化、脱氯和硝化效果，且与芬顿法相比使用的Fe浓度更低。
