An Observational Study of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital India.

OBJECTIVES

To study the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients with symptomatic acute coronary syndrome (ACS). To determine the outcomes in terms of single-vessel disease (SVD), double-vessel disease (DVD), and triple-vessel disease (TVD) among the patients. To determine the risk factors of TVD.

METHODS

A prospective observational study was conducted on 111 patients with ACS. Demographic and clinical profiles of the patients were noted. Patients with unstable angina (UA) and asymptomatic patients were excluded from the study. Outcomes were noted in terms of the involvement of the number of coronary vessels and the risk factors of TVD.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 55.7 ± 13.7 years, with 75.68% males and 24.32% females. Chest pain was the most common symptom in 69 (62.16%) cases. SVD, DVD, and TVD were seen in 64 (42.30%), 17 (23.40%), and 30 (34.20%) patients, with the most common vessel involved being the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Fatigue was predominantly found in SVD, chest pain was predominantly found in DVD, and shortness of breath was the most common symptom in TVD, with a -value of 0.049. Univariate logistic regression showed that none of the factors among age, gender, comorbidities, and family history were significant independent risk factors for TVD.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that ACS patients are predominantly elderly males with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, a family history of heart disease, and dyslipidemia. The LAD was the most commonly involved coronary artery in ACS. The occurrence of SVD surpassed DVD and TVD among ACS patients. None of the risk factors was significantly associated with TVD independently.