Fang Hui, Liang Fawei, Ma Hao, Wang Rui, He Haifeng, Qiu Limin, Tao Le, Zhu Kongyang, Wu Weihua, Ma Long, Zhang Huazhen, Chen Shuqing, Zhu Chao, Chen Haodong, Xu Yu, Zhao Yongsheng, Liu Haiwang, Wang Chuan-Chao
Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
Cell Rep. 2025 Feb 25;44(2):115262. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115262. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
The peopling history of the Yellow River basin (YR) remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of ancient genomes. Our study sheds light on the dynamic demographic history of the YR by co-analyzing previously published genomes and 31 newly generated Late Neolithic to Iron Age genomes from Shandong in the lower YR and the Central Plain in the middle YR. Our analysis reveals the population structure in Shandong and the Central Plain in the Late Neolithic Longshan cultural period. We provide a genetic parallel to the observation of a significant increase in rice farming in the middle and lower YR in the Longshan period. However, the rice-farmer-related gene flow in the Longshan period did not arrive in groups from the Yuzhuang sites in the Central Plain or previously published groups in Shandong. The Bronze Age Erlitou culture genomes validate the genetic stability in the Central Plain and the relative genetic homogeneity between the Central Plain and Shandong.
由于古代基因组数量有限，黄河流域的人类迁徙历史在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们的研究通过对先前发表的基因组以及31个新生成的、来自黄河下游山东地区和黄河中游中原地区新石器时代晚期至铁器时代的基因组进行联合分析，揭示了黄河流域动态的人口历史。我们的分析揭示了新石器时代晚期龙山文化时期山东和中原地区的人口结构。我们为龙山时期黄河中下游水稻种植显著增加这一观察结果提供了遗传学上的佐证。然而，龙山时期与水稻种植者相关的基因流动并非来自中原地区的玉庄遗址群体或先前发表的山东群体。青铜时代二里头文化的基因组证实了中原地区的遗传稳定性以及中原地区和山东之间相对的遗传同质性。
