Hai Long, Cui Yanghao, Zhang Jiawei, Wang Rui
Research Center on Social Work and Social Governance, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 19;25(1):2510. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22984-x.
Population aging, as a global issue, has garnered significant attention worldwide. The rational allocation of elderly healthcare resources is critical to addressing this challenge. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of population aging in the Yellow River Basin and evaluates the equilibrium between aging demographics and healthcare resource distribution.
This paper uses the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method to analyze regional differences and the dynamic evolution process of population aging in various provinces of the Yellow River Basin. The entropy method is employed to evaluate the elderly care and medical resource allocation in the provinces of the Yellow River Basin in 2020. By combining geographical concentration and the inconsistency index, the study investigates the matching relationship and distribution characteristics between aging levels and elderly care medical resource allocation.
The level of aging in the provinces of the Yellow River Basin has been deepening, showing a stepwise increase from west to east. The spatial imbalance in aging, as measured by the Dagum Gini coefficient, decreased from 0.126 in 2000 to 0.099 in 2020. However, the contribution rate of intra-regional differences rose from 23.096% to 40.487%, making it the primary source of disparity. The core provinces (Shandong, Henan, Sichuan) had comprehensive scores of 0.946, 0.846, and 0.793, respectively, while the peripheral provinces (Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia) scored only 0.001, 0.226, and 0.012. A positive correlation was found between the elderly population and elderly healthcare resources, but 55.56% of the provinces exhibited either resource lag (RI > 1) or over-allocation (RI < 0.8), indicating a mismatch.
The Yellow River Basin displays marked spatiotemporal heterogeneity in aging and resource distribution. Most provinces exhibit incoordinate matching relationships, characterized by insufficient supply or low utilization efficiency. Provincial authorities should implement region-specific policies, optimizing resource allocation and tailoring strategies to local demographic-geographic conditions.
人口老龄化作为一个全球性问题，已在全球范围内引起广泛关注。合理配置老年医疗资源对于应对这一挑战至关重要。本研究考察黄河流域人口老龄化的时空演变，并评估老龄化人口与医疗资源分布之间的平衡。
本文采用达古姆基尼系数分解法分析黄河流域各省人口老龄化的区域差异和动态演变过程。运用熵值法评估2020年黄河流域各省的老年护理和医疗资源配置情况。通过结合地理集中度和不一致指数，研究老龄化水平与老年护理医疗资源配置之间的匹配关系和分布特征。
黄河流域各省的老龄化程度不断加深，呈现出从西向东逐步上升的趋势。以达古姆基尼系数衡量的老龄化空间不平衡从2000年的0.126降至2020年的0.099。然而，区域内差异的贡献率从23.096%升至40.487%，成为差距的主要来源。核心省份（山东、河南、四川）的综合得分分别为0.946、0.846和0.793，而周边省份（青海、甘肃、宁夏）的得分仅为0.001、0.226和0.012。老年人口与老年医疗资源之间存在正相关关系，但55.56%的省份存在资源滞后（RI>1）或过度配置（RI<0.8）的情况，表明存在不匹配。
黄河流域在老龄化和资源分布方面呈现出明显的时空异质性。大多数省份表现出不协调的匹配关系，其特点是供应不足或利用效率低下。省级政府应实施因地制宜的政策，优化资源配置，并根据当地人口地理条件制定相应策略。
