Vocal cord paralysis associated with anterior cervical fusion: considerations for prevention and treatment.

In a series of 375 patients with anterior cervical fusions, long-term follow-up results complete with laryngeal examination were obtained in 102 patients. One patient was found to have an inferior laryngeal nerve palsy, and one had a superior laryngeal nerve palsy. Both deficits were thought to be the result of surgical trauma. Measures to minimize the incidence of vocal cord paralysis include careful surgical technique and knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the laryngeal nerves. Suggestions are given for the assessment of postoperative hoarseness, and for the management of vocal cord paralysis.