Ojo Temitope Olumuyiwa, Adetunji Tajudin Adesegun, Eneh Stanley Chinedu, Akanji Baderinwa Opeyemi, Fajobi Olusola, Elugbaju Olanrewaju, Ibigbami Olanrewaju Ibikunle, Owojuyigbe Temilola Oladunmomi, Olowookere Samuel Anu, Afolabi Olusegun Temitope, Onayade Adedeji Ayodeji
Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, +234 8035798224, Osun State, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 3;15(1):4112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84195-5.
COVID-19 ranks as one of the major pandemics in recent history, with healthcare workers disproportionately burdened by the disease. Vaccination emerged as the most effective measure to curb the spread and reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. However, vaccine hesitancy presents a challenge to achieving optimal vaccination coverage in Nigeria. This study assessed the level of COVID-19-related stress and anxiety as well as factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 849 health workers of a tertiary hospital. Vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 related stress and anxiety were assessed using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) and SAVE-6 scale respectively. Also, the WHO-5 index was used to assess the perceived mental wellbeing among study participants. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25 at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. There were slightly more males (479; 56.4%) than females and about four-fifth (674; 79.4%) of respondents were married. About one-quarter of health workers were vaccine hesitant, 236 (27.8%) while 96 (11.3%) had high levels of stress and anxiety. Also, 38 (4.5%) of respondents had poor mental wellbeing. Females when compared to males, had significantly higher odds (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.10-2.10; p = 0.023) of having vaccine hesitancy while those who were married compared to their single counterparts had significantly lesser odds (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.36-0.94; p = 0.026). However, there was no significant association between COVID-19 related anxiety and vaccine hesitancy. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy exists even among health professionals. This study highlights that gender and marital status significantly influence vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. Healthcare workers need to receive vaccines to protect themselves and others. Given their role in educating patients and community members about vaccination against infectious diseases like COVID-19, targeted interventions are needed to address hesitancy and optimize vaccine acceptance among healthcare professionals.
新冠病毒病（COVID-19）是近代史上主要的大流行病之一，医护人员受该疾病影响的负担尤其沉重。疫苗接种成为遏制传播、降低COVID-19发病率和死亡率的最有效措施。然而，疫苗犹豫对尼日利亚实现最佳疫苗接种覆盖率构成挑战。本研究评估了医护人员中与COVID-19相关的压力和焦虑水平以及与疫苗犹豫相关的因素。对一家三级医院的849名医护人员进行了一项描述性横断面研究。分别使用疫苗犹豫量表（VHS）和SAVE-6量表评估疫苗犹豫、与COVID-19相关的压力和焦虑。此外，使用世界卫生组织-5指数评估研究参与者的感知心理健康状况。使用SPSS 25在单变量、双变量和多变量水平上进行数据分析。男性（479人；56.4%）略多于女性，约五分之四（674人；79.4%）的受访者已婚。约四分之一的医护人员对疫苗犹豫，有236人（27.8%），而96人（11.3%）有高水平的压力和焦虑。此外，38名（4.5%）受访者心理健康状况不佳。与男性相比，女性出现疫苗犹豫的几率显著更高（比值比1.50；95%置信区间1.10 - 2.10；p = 0.023），而与单身者相比，已婚者出现疫苗犹豫的几率显著更低（比值比0.60；95%置信区间0.36 - 0.94；p = 0.026）。然而，与COVID-19相关的焦虑与疫苗犹豫之间没有显著关联。即使在卫生专业人员中也存在对COVID-19疫苗的犹豫。本研究强调，性别和婚姻状况显著影响医护人员中的疫苗犹豫。医护人员需要接种疫苗以保护自己和他人。鉴于他们在向患者和社区成员宣传针对COVID-19等传染病的疫苗接种方面的作用，需要有针对性的干预措施来解决犹豫问题并优化医护人员对疫苗的接受度。
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