Taleghani Akram, Moghimi Roya, Eghbali Samira
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2025;25(10):1281-1302. doi: 10.2174/0115680266324758241223063534.
, a member of the Caryophyllaceae family, is a rare edible weed in Iran. It possesses various medicinal properties, including insecticidal, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and allelopathic effects.
This study represents the investigation into the phytochemical contents, compounds, and biological activities of six different fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) obtained from the leaves and stems of this species, with the aim of developing new natural drugs.
The methanol fractions of both the leaves and stems exhibited the highest levels of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging method, with IC values of 5.1± 1.34 and 9.67 ± 0.02 μg/mL, respectively, surpassing the activity of BHT. Additionally, the chloroform and methanol fractions showed moderate antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.0625 to 0.5 mg/ml when compared to gentamicin. The more active fractions (chloroform and methanol) were further analyzed to identify bioactive compounds. GC-MS analysis detected forty and forty-five compounds, representing 97.97% and 99.22% of the total composition, in the chloroform fractions of the leaves and stems, respectively. The main constituents of the leaves were fatty acid derivatives (54.66%) and terpene derivatives (21.94%), whereas the stems contained terpene derivatives (40.46%) and hydrocarbon derivatives (31.41%). LC-ESI-MS analysis of the methanol fractions revealed the presence of common groups, including flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoid saponins. Several bioactive compounds have been identified, including rutin, kaempferol-neohesperidoside derivative, diosmin, sileneoside, hesperidin, luteolin-di-O-glucoside, orientin-O-glucoside, vitexin- O-rhamnoside, and swertisin-O-glucoside. Heatmap analysis was conducted to visualize the differences in metabolite profiles among the samples.
The analyzed fractions contained compounds with potential pharmacological activities.
作为石竹科的一员，是伊朗一种稀有的可食用杂草。它具有多种药用特性，包括杀虫、抗菌、抑菌和化感作用。
本研究对从该物种的叶和茎中获得的六种不同馏分（石油醚、氯仿、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水）的植物化学成分、化合物和生物活性进行了研究，旨在开发新的天然药物。
叶和茎的甲醇馏分均表现出最高水平的总酚和黄酮含量，并且在DPPH自由基清除法中表现出较强的抗氧化活性，IC值分别为5.1±1.34和9.67±0.02μg/mL，超过了丁基羟基甲苯的活性。此外，氯仿和甲醇馏分对细菌菌株表现出中等抗菌活性，与庆大霉素相比，MIC值范围为0.0625至0.5mg/ml。对活性更强的馏分（氯仿和甲醇）进行进一步分析以鉴定生物活性化合物。气相色谱 - 质谱分析在叶和茎的氯仿馏分中分别检测到40种和45种化合物，分别占总成分的97.97%和99.22%。叶的主要成分是脂肪酸衍生物（54.66%）和萜烯衍生物（21.94%），而茎含有萜烯衍生物（40.46%）和烃衍生物（31.41%）。甲醇馏分的液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离质谱分析揭示了常见基团的存在，包括黄酮类、甾体类和三萜皂苷类。已鉴定出几种生物活性化合物，包括芦丁、山柰酚 - 新橙皮糖苷衍生物、地奥司明、蝇子草苷、橙皮苷、木犀草素 - 二 - O - 葡萄糖苷、东方蓼苷 - O - 葡萄糖苷、牡荆素 - O - 鼠李糖苷和獐牙菜苷 - O - 葡萄糖苷。进行热图分析以可视化样品间代谢物谱的差异。
分析的馏分含有具有潜在药理活性的化合物。
