Tanaviyutpakdee Pharrunrat, Phitwongtaewan Pimpuk, Phungsiangdee Yollada, Karnpanit Weeraya, Phattanakulanun Pranee, Yomvachirasin Thipaporn, Srianujata Songsak
Food Toxicology Division, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand.
Master of Science Program in Toxicology and Nutrition for Food Safety, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jan 9;13(2):e4681. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4681. eCollection 2025 Feb.
This study aimed to assess dietary exposure to steviol glycosides and identify the key contributors to the exposure in the Thai population. In total, 2114 participants were included in this study, and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and a photobook of foods and beverages were used to collect their food consumption data. In addition, the body weight data of the participants were recorded, and a survey was conducted to obtain information regarding their consumption of foods and beverages that contain steviol glycosides, including data on the amount consumed and the frequency of intake. The amount of steviol glycosides in the foods and beverages was determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. We used data on the mean and 97.5th percentile (PCTL) consumption of food or beverages for both the per capita and consumer-only scenarios to estimate the dietary intake of steviol glycosides from consumption of food and beverages. The risk of steviol glycoside exposure was evaluated using the hazard quotient, which involved a comparison of the estimated dietary intake with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of steviol equivalents (4 mg/kg BW/day). Children aged 3-9 years had the highest mean and 97.5th PCTL intake per capita, which accounted for 2.35% and 22.95% of the ADI, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that the estimated intake of steviol glycosides by the Thai population across all scenarios and age groups is below the ADI, indicating that foods and beverages that contain steviol glycosides do not pose a risk to the Thai population. Nevertheless, the top three contributors to the intake of steviol glycosides, which are products in categories 14 (beverages), 11 (sweeteners), and 1 (dairy products and analogues), should be consumed cautiously.
本研究旨在评估泰国人群对甜菊糖苷的膳食暴露情况，并确定该暴露的主要来源。本研究共纳入2114名参与者，使用半定量食物频率问卷和食物与饮料的照片集收集他们的食物消费数据。此外，记录了参与者的体重数据，并进行了一项调查，以获取有关他们食用含甜菊糖苷的食物和饮料的信息，包括食用量和摄入频率的数据。使用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法测定食物和饮料中甜菊糖苷的含量。我们使用人均和仅消费者两种情况下食物或饮料的平均消费量和第97.5百分位数（PCTL）的数据来估计食物和饮料消费中甜菊糖苷的膳食摄入量。使用危害商数评估甜菊糖苷暴露风险，即将估计的膳食摄入量与甜菊醇当量的每日可接受摄入量（ADI，4毫克/千克体重/天）进行比较。3至9岁儿童的人均平均摄入量和第97.5百分位数摄入量最高，分别占ADI的2.35%和22.95%。本研究结果表明，泰国人群在所有情况下和所有年龄组中对甜菊糖苷的估计摄入量均低于ADI，这表明含甜菊糖苷的食物和饮料对泰国人群不构成风险。然而，甜菊糖苷摄入量的前三大来源，即第14类（饮料）、第11类（甜味剂）和第1类（乳制品及类似物）中的产品，应谨慎食用。
