Rous Colombe, Cadiou Julie, Yazbek Hiba, Monzel Elena, Desai Mahesh S, Doré Joel, van de Guchte Maarten, Mondot Stanislas
University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Microbiol Spectr. 2025 Mar 4;13(3):e0151724. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01517-24. Epub 2025 Feb 5.
Long-term alterations of the gut microbiota and host symbiosis after a dietary perturbation remain insufficiently understood and characterized. In this study, we investigate the impact of temporary dietary fiber depletion in mice that received a diet with reduced fiber content (RFD) for 3 weeks followed by a return to a standard chow diet for 6 weeks, compared to mice that only received a chow diet. Fiber deprivation was accompanied by a reduction of microbiota diversity and an increase in mucolytic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The activities of enzymes targeting glycans from the host mucus were increased accordingly, while those targeting plant fibers were decreased. On the host side, we report transiently higher quantities of host DNA in feces during the RFD suggesting an impaired gut barrier function. Six weeks after the return to the chow diet, lasting changes in microbiota composition were observed, as exemplified by the replacement of durably depleted amplicon sequence variants close to by other members of the family. The observation of two distinct gut microbial communities in mice under identical environmental and alimentary conditions at the end of the experiment suggests the existence of alternative stable microbiota states.
In this article, the authors explore the impact of a diet with reduced fiber content on the gut microbiota-host symbiosis in a mouse model. More importantly, they examine the resilience of the intestinal symbiosis after the return to a standard (chow) diet. Some of the measured parameters (intestinal barrier impairment and bacterial glycan-degrading enzymatic activities) returned to control values. However, this was not the case for bacterial richness-the number of different bacteria observed-which remained durably reduced. Among related bacteria, some groups receded and remained undetected until 6 weeks after the return to the chow diet while others saw their abundance increase in replacement. The authors find that a temporary fiber deprivation lasting as little as 3 weeks can cause a transition to an alternative stable microbiota state, i.e., a lasting change in intestinal microbiota composition.
饮食扰动后肠道微生物群和宿主共生的长期变化仍未得到充分理解和表征。在本研究中，我们调查了暂时膳食纤维缺乏对小鼠的影响，这些小鼠接受了纤维含量降低的饮食（RFD）3周，然后恢复标准饲料饮食6周，并与仅接受饲料饮食的小鼠进行比较。纤维缺乏伴随着微生物群多样性的降低以及粘液分解菌和硫酸盐还原菌的增加。相应地，靶向宿主粘液聚糖的酶活性增加，而靶向植物纤维的酶活性降低。在宿主方面，我们报告在RFD期间粪便中宿主DNA的数量暂时增加，表明肠道屏障功能受损。恢复到饲料饮食6周后，观察到微生物群组成的持续变化，例如接近 的持久耗尽的扩增子序列变体被 家族的其他成员所取代。在实验结束时，在相同环境和饮食条件下的小鼠中观察到两种不同的肠道微生物群落，这表明存在替代的稳定微生物群状态。
在本文中，作者探讨了纤维含量降低的饮食对小鼠模型中肠道微生物群 - 宿主共生的影响。更重要的是，他们研究了恢复到标准（饲料）饮食后肠道共生的恢复力。一些测量参数（肠道屏障损伤和细菌聚糖降解酶活性）恢复到对照值。然而，细菌丰富度（观察到的不同细菌的数量）并非如此，其仍然持续降低。在相关细菌中，一些群体减少并在恢复到饲料饮食6周后仍未检测到，而其他群体的丰度则增加以取而代之。作者发现，仅持续3周的暂时纤维缺乏可导致向替代的稳定微生物群状态转变，即肠道微生物群组成的持久变化。
